A Literary and Historical Atlas of Asia. J. G. Bartholomew
Aligarh, United Provs. 28N. 78E. Contains Fort Aligarh, captured by General Lake from Mahrattas, 1803. Seat of Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College.
Allahabad ('city of God'), United Provs. 25N. 82E. F. by Akbar, 1575. Taken by Britain, 1801. Contains Muir Central College. Scene of journeying of Rama and Sita described in the 'Ramayana' as the hermitage of Bharadvaja.
Allah Shehr, Asia Minor. 38N. 29E. F. by Attalus Philadelphus, c. 200 B.C.; supposed to be one of 'seven churches of Asia' mentioned in Apocalypse.
Amarapura ('city of the gods'), Burma. 22N. 96E. Former capital of Burma. F. in 1783, by Bodawpaya. Destroyed by fire, 1810; by earthquake, 1839. Contains celebrated temple with colossal bronze statue of Gautama.
Amasia, Asiatic Turkey. 41N. 36E. Former capital of kings of Pontus. Bp. of Strabo.
Ambur, Madras. 13N. 79E. Muzaffar Jang conquered Anwar-ud-din, Nawab of Arcot, 1749.
Amoy ('gallery gate'), China. 24N. 118E. Taken by Britain, 1841; opened to foreign trade by Treaty of Nanking, 1842.
Amritsar ('pool of immortality'), Punjab. 32N. 75E. F. round sacred reservoir by Guru Ram Das, 1574. Contains Darbar Sahib, chief Sikh temple; also fortress of Govindgarh, 1809.
Amroha, United Provs. 29N. 78E. Said to have been f. by Hastinapur; res. of Shah Wilayat. In the vicinity the Mongols were conquered, 1304.
Amu Daria, Turkestan. 37N. 73E. Ancient river Oxus, occurring as Amoo in 'The Veiled Prophet of Khorassan.' (See Moore's 'Lalla Rookh.')
Anantapur, Madras. 15N. 78E. F. by Chikkappa Udaiyar, 1364; attacked by Mahrattas, 1757.
Aneysa, Arabia. 26N. 45E. Bp. of Abdul-Wahab, founder of Wahabis. (See Doughty's 'Travels in Arabia Deserta.')
Angkor, Indo-China. 13N. 104E. Ruined city, near which are ruins of Angkor-Vat, a famous Cambodian temple. (See Little's 'Far East.')
Angora, Asiatic Turkey. 40N. 33E. Supposed to have been f. by Midas. Scene of Christian Councils, 314, 358. Contains temple erected to Augustus. Sultan Bejazet I. captured by Tamerlane, 1402.
Ani, Asiatic Turkey. 41N. 43E. Ancient Armenian capital. Taken by Greeks, 1045; by Seljuks, 1064. Destroyed by earthquake, 1319.
Anjangaon, Berar. 21N. 77E. Treaty signed between British and Daulat Rao Sindhia after second Mahratta War, 1803.
Anjengo, Madras. 9N. 77E. Bp. of historian, Robert Orme, and res. of Eliza Draper, friend of Laurence Sterne.
Anjidiv, Bombay. 15N. 74E. Island visited by Ibn Batatu, 1342; by Vasco da Gama, 1498. Occupied by Portuguese, 1505. Mentioned by Ptolemy.
Ankai Tonkai, Bombay. 20N. 74E. Conquered by Shah Jehan, 1635; occupied by British, 1818.
Antioch, Syria. 36N. 36E. F. by Seleucus Nicator, c. 300 B.C. Scene of St. Paul's first ministry. Destroyed by earthquakes, 526, 1872. Ruined by Persians, 538; taken by Saracens, 658; by Turks, 1516. Bp. of Archias, St. Luke, and Chrysostom. (See Volney's 'Voyage en Syrie et en Egypte.')
An-tung, Manchuria. 40N. 125E. General Kuroki established here during Russo-Japanese War, 1904–1905. (See McKenzie's 'From Tokyo to Tiflis.')
Anupshahr, United Provs. 28N. 78E. Occupied by Ahmad Shah Durrani, 1757; by British, 1773.
Arafat ('the mountain of mercy'), Arabia. 21N. 40E. Mountain on which Adam and Eve are alleged to have met after the fall. Scene of many Mohammedan pilgrimages. (See Burton's 'Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah and Meccah,' Burckhardt's 'Travels in Arabia.')
Arantangi, Madras. 10N. 79E. Seized by Raghunatha Levan, c. 1646, 1698.
Ararat, Asiatic Turkey. 40N. 44E. One of mountains in Asia on which Noah's ark is said to have rested. Parrot first ascended Great Ararat, 1829. Severe earthquake experienced, 1840. (See 'Travels of Marco Polo.')
Arcot ('six deserts'), Madras. 13N. 79E. Contains ruins of Nawab's palace. Mentioned by Ptolemy. Clive defended city successfully against siege, 1751.
Ardahan, Asiatic Turkey. 41N. 43E. Successfully stormed by Russians, 1877; ceded to Russia by Turkey, 1878.
Argaum, Berar. 21N. 77E. Mahrattas defeated by Wellesley, 1803.
Arginusæ Is., off W. coast of Asia Minor. 39N. 27E. Spartan fleet defeated by Athenians near these islands, 406 B.C.
Arjesh, Turkish Armenia. 39N. 43E. Taken by Jelal-ed-Din, 1228. Destroyed by earthquake, 1246.
Arni, Madras. 13N. 79E. Clive defeated Raja Sahib and French forces, 1751.
Aror, Bombay. 28N. 69E. Captured by Mohammedans, c. 712.
Arpad, Syria. 37N. 37E. Taken by Tiglath Pileser II., 740 B.C.
Arrah, Bengal. 26N. 85E. In Indian Mutiny 12 Englishmen and 50 Sikhs held out against 3000 Sepoys for 8 days, 1857.
Artaxata, Russian Armenia. 39N. 45E. Ancient capital of Armenia, now in ruins. Hannibal supposed to have superintended building of city; named after Artaxis I., c. 180 B.C. Destroyed by Romans, 58; by Persians, 370. Joseph, the patriarch, presided over ecclesiastical council, 450.
Ashdod, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Captured by Jonathan, 147 B.C. Mentioned by Herodotus. Contained famous temple of Dagon. (See Thomson's 'Land and the Book.')
Ashta, Central India. 23N. 77E. Contains fort built by Dost Mohammed Khan, 1716; captured by Mahrattas, 1745; stormed by Kudsia Begam, 1837.
Ashta, Bombay. 18N. 75E. British defeated Baji Rao Peshwa, 1818.
Asirgarh, Central Provs. 21N. 76E. Massacre of garrison by Ala-ud-din Khilji, 1295; captured by Akbar, 1600; by General Wellesley, 1803; besieged by British, 1819.
Askelon, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Ancient seat of worship of Astarte, and of Dagon and Dercetis, whose temple was plundered by Scythians, 630 B.C. Bp. of Herod I., who embellished it. Godfrey de Bouillon defeated Egyptians, 1099; city taken by Crusaders, 1153; by Saladin, 1187; destroyed by Sultan Bibars, 1270. (See Scott's 'The Talisman.')
Assaye, Haidarabad. 20N. 76E. Mahrattas conquered by Sir Arthur Wellesley, 1803. (See Malleson's 'Decisive Battles of India.')
Athni, Bombay. 17N. 75E. Visited by French traveller Mandelslo, 1639. Yielded to Rajah Sahu of Satara, 1730; British possession, 1839.
Atrauli, N.W. Provs. 28N. 78E. Held for three months by Mohammedans during Mutiny, 1857.
Attock, Punjab. 34N. 72E. Contains fort built by Akbar, 1581; captured by Ranjit Singh, 1812.
Augur, Central India. 24N. 76E. F. by Agra Bhil; destroyed by Bapuji Sindhia, 1801; suffered during Mutiny, 1857.
Aurungabad ('the abode of Aurungzebe'), Haidarabad. 20N. 75E. F. in 1620. Contains Buddhist caves, and mausoleum built by Aurungzebe in memory of his daughter.
Ava ('a fish-pond'), Burma. 22N. 96E. F. by Thadominpaya, 1364. Former capital of Burma. Ruined by earthquake, 1839.
Ayodhya, United Provs. 27N. 82E. Famous in legend as city of Dasa-ratha, father of Rama. (See 'Ramayana.')
Ayuthia, Siam. 14N. 101E. Founded in 1351; capital of Siam until nearly destroyed by Burmese, 1767. Chief ruin is a Buddhist temple, the 'Golden Mount.' (See Little's 'Far East.')
Baalbek ('city of Baal'), Syria. 34N. 36E. Contains