Handbook of MRI Technique. Catherine Westbrook

      1  Cover

      2  Title Page

      3  Copyright Page

      4  Contributors

      5  Preface

      6  Acknowledgements

      7  About the Companion Website

      8  1 How to Use This Book INTRODUCTION COMMON INDICATIONS BASIC ANATOMY EQUIPMENT PATIENT POSITIONING SLICE PRESCRIPTION SUGGESTED PROTOCOL PROTOCOL OPTIMIZATION PATIENT CONSIDERATIONS CONTRAST USAGE SUMMARY TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PART 2 CONCLUSION

      9  Part 1: Theoretical and Practical Concepts 2 Protocol Parameters and Trade‐offs INTRODUCTION SIGNAL‐TO‐NOISE RATIO (SNR) CONTRAST‐TO‐NOISE RATIO (CNR) SPATIAL RESOLUTION SCAN TIME DECISION STRATEGIES CONCLUSION 3 Pulse Sequences INTRODUCTION CONVENTIONAL SPIN ECHO (CSE) FAST SPIN ECHO OR TURBO SPIN ECHO (FSE/TSE) INVERSION RECOVERY (IR/FSE/TSE‐IR) REWOUND GRADIENT ECHO BALANCED GRE SPOILED GRE REVERSE ECHO GRE ECHO PLANAR IMAGING (EPI) CONCLUSION 4 Flow Phenomena and Artefacts FLOW PHENOMENA INTRODUCTION TIME OF FLIGHT (TOF) ENTRY SLICE PHENOMENON INTRA‐VOXEL DEPHASING FLOW ARTEFACT REMEDIES ARTEFACTS INTRODUCTION PHASE MISMAPPING ALIASING CHEMICAL SHIFT OUT‐OF‐PHASE SIGNAL CANCELLATION TRUNCATION MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY MAGIC ANGLE CONCLUSION 5 Gating and Respiratory Compensation Techniques INTRODUCTION CARDIAC GATING (ECG/EKG GATING) PERIPHERAL GATING (PE GATING) CINÉ IMAGING IMAGING PLANES RESPIRATORY COMPENSATION (RC) CONCLUSION 6 Patient Care and Safety INTRODUCTION PATIENT SCREENING SAFETY ZONES SAFETY CONCERNS DURING THE EXAMINATION PATIENT COUNSELLING PATIENT IMMOBILIZATION PATIENT AFTER‐CARE CONCLUSION 7 Contrast Agents INTRODUCTION GD‐BASED POSITIVE CONTRAST AGENTS NEGATIVE CONTRAST AGENTS PATIENT