Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary (Wellington, N.Z. 1891), pp. 30 sq., who gives otua as the Tongan form.
176
As to the matabooles see W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, ii. 84 sqq.
177
According to a later account, "on Ata were born the first men, three in number, formed from a worm bred by a rotten plant, whose seed was brought by Tangaloa from heaven. These three were afterwards provided by the Maui with wives from the Underworld." See E. E. V. Collocot, "Notes on Tongan Religion," Journal of the Polynesian Society, xxx. (1921) p. 154.
178
So apparently we must interpret Mariner's brief statement "and the contrary of good" (Tonga Islands, ii. 98).
179
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, ii. 101.
180
W. Mariner, op. cit. i. 424, note *.
181
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, ii. 104.
182
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, ii. 105.
183
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, ii. 105 sq.
184
W. Mariner, op. cit. ii. 106 sq.
185
W. Mariner, op. cit. ii. 108.
186
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, ii. 205-208; compare id. 7, note *, 108.
187
W. Mariner, op. cit. ii. 112 sq. Compare Captain James Wilson, Missionary Voyage to the Southern Pacific Ocean (London, 1799), pp. 277 sq. Móooi is the Polynesian god or hero whose name is usually spelled Maui. See Horatio Hale, United States Exploring Expedition, Ethnography and Philology, p. 23; E. Tregear, Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary, pp. 233 sqq.s. v. "Maui."
188
Adonis, Attis, Osiris, i. 197 sqq.
189
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, ii. 109, 114 sq.; Horatio Hale, United States Exploring Expedition, Ethnography and Philology, pp. 24 sq.
190
Jérôme Grange, in Annales de la Propagation de la Foi, xvii. (1845) p. 11; Charles Wilkes, Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition, iii. 23; Sarah S. Farmer, Tonga and the Friendly Islands, p. 133. According to this last writer it was only the low islands that were fished up by Maui; the high islands were thrown down from the sky by the god Hikuleo.
191
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, i. 272, ii. 114 sq. The Catholic missionary Jérôme Grange was told that the hook in question existed down to his time (1843), but that only the king might see it, since it was certain death to anybody else to look on it. See Annales de la Propagation de la Foi, xvii. (1845) p. 11.
192
W. Mariner, Tonga Island, ii. 104 sq.
193
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, ii, 107 sq.
194
The ifi tree, of which the leaves were used by the Tongans in many religious ceremonies, is a species of chestnut (Inocarpus edulis) which grows in Indonesia, but is thought to be a native of America. It is supposed that the Polynesians brought the seeds of this tree with them into the Pacific, where it is said to be a cultivated plant. See S. Percy Smith, Hawaiki, the Original Home of the Maori (Christchurch, etc., New Zealand, 1910), p. 146. To wear a wreath of the leaves round the neck, and to sit with the head bowed down, constituted the strongest possible expression of humility and entreaty. See E. E. V. Collocot, "Notes on Tongan Religion," Journal of the Polynesian Society, xxx. (1921) p. 159.
195
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, i. 163 sq.
196
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, i. 216-219. As to the rule that nobility descended only in the female line, through mothers, not through fathers, see id. ii. 84, 95 sq.; J. Dumont d'Urville, Voyage de l'Astrolabe, Histoire du Voyage, iv. 239.
197
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, ii. 220.
198
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, i. 194, note *; compare 434, note *.
199
W. Mariner, op. cit. ii. 221.
200
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, ii. 80 sq.
201
W. Mariner, op. cit. ii. 136-138.
202
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, i. 99-101. Compare E. E. V. Collocot, "Notes on Tongan Religion," Journal of the Polynesian Society, xxx. (1921) pp. 155-157.
203
W. Mariner, op. cit. ii. 224.
204
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, i. 350-360.
205
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, i. 438 sq., ii. 210-212; Captain James Wilson, Missionary Voyage to the Southern Pacific Ocean, pp. 239, 278; John Williams, Narrative of Missionary Enterprises in the South Sea Islands, pp. 470 sq.; Jérôme Grange, in Annales de la Propagation de la Foi, xvii. (1845) pp. 12, 26; Sarah S. Farmer, Tonga and the Friendly Islands, p. 128.
206
Captain James Cook, Voyages, iii. 204, v. 421 sq. However, in a footnote to the latter passage Captain Cook gives the correct explanation of the custom on the authority of Captain King: "It is common for the inferior people to cut off a joint of their little finger, on account of the sickness of the chiefs to whom they belong."
207
Labillardière, Relation du Voyage à la recherche de la Pérouse (Paris, 1800), ii. 151.
208
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, ii. 79, 268.
209
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, ii. 208 sq.
210
W. Mariner, op. cit. i. 366.
211
W. Mariner, Tonga Islands, i. 438 sq.; compare id. ii. 214.
212
W. Mariner, op. cit. i. 367 sq.
213
Captain James Wilson, Missionary Voyage to the Southern Pacific Ocean, pp. 238-240.
214
Captain James Wilson, op. cit. p. 240.
215
Captain James Wilson, Missionary Voyage to the Southern Pacific Ocean, p. 257.
216
Captain James Wilson, op. cit., p. 278. This Ambler was a man of very indifferent, not to say infamous, character, but he rendered the missionaries considerable service by instructing them in the Tongan language, which he spoke fluently. See Captain James Wilson, op. cit. pp. 98, 244 sq.
217
See Adonis, Attis, Osiris, Third Edition, ii. 219 sqq.
