Color Atlas of Oral Diseases in Children and Adolescents. George Laskaris

       Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Laskaris, George. Color atlas of oral diseases in children and adolescents/George Laskaris. p. cm Includes bibliographical references index. ISBN 0-86577-789-6 (TNY) - ISBN 3-13-111511-4 (GTV) I. Title. [DNLM: 1. Mouth Diseases - Adolescence Atlases. 2. Mouth Diseases-Child Atlases. WU 17 L345c 1999] RJ460.1.37 1999 618.92′097522-dc21 DNLM/DLC for Library of Congress 99-36035 CIP

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      Important Note: Medicine is an ever-changing science undergoing continual development. Research and clinical experience are continually expanding our knowledge, in particular our knowledge of proper treatment and drug therapy. Insofar as this book mentions any dosage or application, readers may rest assured that the authors, editors, and publishers have made every effort to ensure that such references are in accordance with the state of knowledge at the time of production of the book.

      Nevertheless, this does not involve, imply, or express any guarantee or responsibility on the part of the publishers in respect of any dosage instructions and forms of application stated in the book. Every user is requested to examine carefully the manufacturer’s leaflets accompanying each drug and to check, if necessary in consultation with a physician or specialist, whether the dosage schedules mentioned therein or the contraindications stated by the manufacturers differ from the statements made in the present book. Such examination is particularly important with drugs that are either rarely used or have been newly released on the market. Every dosage schedule or every form of application used is entirely at the user’s own risk and responsibility. The authors and publishers request every user to report to the publishers any discrepancies or inaccuracies noticed.

      Any reference to or mention of manufacturers or specific brand names should not be interpreted as an endorsement or advertisement for any company or product.

      Some of the product names, patents, and registered designs referred to in this book are in fact registered trademarks or proprietary names, even though specific reference to this fact is not always made in the text. Therefore, the appearance of a name without designation as proprietary is not to be construed as a representation by the publisher that it is in the public domain.

      This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected by copyright. Any use, exploitation, or commercialization outside the narrow limits set by copyright legislation, without the publisher’s consent, is illegal and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to photostat reproduction, copying, mimeographing or duplication of any kind, translating, preparation of microfilms, and electronic data processing and storage.

      ISBN 3-13-111511-4 (GTV)

      ISBN 0-86577-789-6 (TNY)

      1 2 3 4 5 6

      This book is dedicated to my three children Christina, Marina, and Christos for the constant happiness they bring

      Foreword

      Professor George Laskaris has an international reputation as a clinician with a special interest in diseases of the oral mucosa. An active clinician, he is also a prolific publisher of scholarly works in the field of oral medicine, and this book is a welcome addition to his portfolio. Through his publications, Professor Laskaris offers not only a service to his own patients but, via the wider academic and clinical readers, provides benefit to patients in many other parts of the world.

       Professor Crispian Scully

      Secretary-General, European Association of Oral Medicine

      Dean, Director of Studies and Research

      Eastman Dental Institute for Oral Health Care Sciences

      and International Centers for Excellence in Dentistry

      University of London

      London, 1999

      Preface

      The spectrum of diseases affecting the oral cavity during childhood and adolescence is very broad. Some of the disorders are entirely benign and transient, while others may be painful, severe, and even life-threatening. Like other diseases affecting young patients, oral diseases become a source of anxiety for the parents, and sometimes may adversely affect the normal development of both the body and the mind of the young patients. They also pose diagnostic difficulties for pediatricians, since many of them fall on the borderlines of many specialties, such as dentistry, dermatology, pediatric oncology, plastic and maxillofacial surgery, and oral medicine, each with its own perspective and point of view.

      The main purpose of writing this atlas of pediatric oral diseases was to overcome these difficulties by organizing the available information on a uniform basis, combining pictorial material and important clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic information in a compact format. Some histopathological, immunological, and radiographic pictures have been included where it was thought that they would be helpful. The emphasis is on the brevity and clarity of the written summaries and of course on the quality of the pictorial material, which was collected over a 30-year period.

      Gathering and classifying the pictorial material and the disease entities involved considerable difficulties, due to the extremely wide spectrum of conditions concerned and the particular character they take on in pediatric patients. The material of the book has been subdivided into three major parts: local diseases, systemic disorders affecting the oral cavity, and tumors.

      The bulk of the pictorial material was collected by the author and photographed using a Nikon medical camera. It is the author’s hope that the book will prove useful and will facilitate communication among pediatricians, specialists in oral medicine, orofacial surgeons, dermatologists, otorhinolaryn-gologists, and pediatric and general dentists---with beneficial results for our young patients.

       George Laskaris, D.D.S., M.D.

      Athens, 1999

      Acknowledgments

      My warmest thanks and gratitude are extended to all those who helped in many different ways to make this book possible.

      First, I would like to thank C. Kittas, professor of histology, P. Anastasiadis, associate professor of orofacial surgery, A. Katsambas, associate professor of dermatology, and C. Bartsokas, professor of pediatrics, for their useful comments on the text in the subjects of their respective specialties.

      Dr. Nikos Lygidakis and Dr. Marina Laskari, pediatric dentist and orthodontist, respectively, wrote the chapter on dental defects, and I thank them for their diligent work.

      I am particularly grateful to Stathis S. Papavasiliou, associate professor of endocrinology at the University of Crete, Greece, and Crispian Scully, professor of oral medicine at the University of London, England, for their critical review of the text. I would also like to express my gratitude to the dentists and physicians who entrusted me with their young patients, thus giving me the opportunity to collect the material for the present edition.

      Finally, I am grateful to my wife for her constant support, sympathy, and understanding during the efforts involved in writing the book.

      The colleagues listed below provided me with transparencies