Elements of Grading. Douglas Reeves

Elements of Grading

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DOUGLAS REEVES

ELEMENTS of GRADING

SECOND EDITION

A Guide to Effective Practice

Materials appearing here are copyrighted. With one exception, all rights are reserved. Readers may reproduce only those pages marked “Reproducible.” Otherwise, no part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) without prior written permission of the publisher.

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Printed in the United States of America

19 18 17 16 15 1 2 3 4 5

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Reeves, Douglas B., 1953- author.

Elements of grading : a guide to effective practice / Douglas Reeves. -- Second edition.

pages cm

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-936763-89-4 (perfect bound) 1. Grading and marking (Students)--Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Title.

LB3051.R3554 2016

371.27’2--dc23

2015029666

Solution Tree

Jeffrey C. Jones, CEO

Edmund M. Ackerman, President

Solution Tree Press

President: Douglas M. Rife

Senior Acquisitions Editor: Amy Rubenstein

Editorial Director: Lesley Bolton

Managing Production Editor: Caroline Weiss

Senior Production Editor: Christine Hood

Copy Editors: Sarah Payne-Mills & Miranda Addonizio

Text and Cover Designer: Abigail Bowen

Mary, to whom this book is dedicated,

cares much more about family, friends, and

animals than she ever will about grades.

May it always be so.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am particularly indebted to leading scholars in this field, including Thomas Guskey, Lee Ann Jung, Bob Marzano, Ken O’Connor, Rick DuFour, and Rick Wormeli.

In addition, the prolific contributors to standards-based learning, teaching, and grading at #SBLChat consistently challenge my thinking on this subject.

Those at Solution Tree, including publisher Douglas Rife, CEO Jeff Jones, president Ed Ackerman, and senior production editor Christine Hood, make every project far better than my original manuscript. If I am the foundation of this town meeting house, then they are surely the walls, roof, and steeple.

—Douglas Reeves

Visit go.solution-tree.com/assessment to download the reproducibles in this book.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

About the Author

Preface

Finding Common Ground

Skeptics and Cynics

A New Conversation About Grading

Introduction

Starting the Conversation

Understanding Why Grading Is So Important

Identifying What Influences Grades