Emergency Imaging. Alexander B. Baxter
Emergenc
y Ima
ging
A Practical Guide
Alexander B. Baxter, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Radiology
New York University School of MedicineNew York, New York
with research and contributions byTrudi Cloyd, MD
New York University Medical CenterNew York, New York
1727 illustrations
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Baxter, Alexander B., author.
Emergency imaging : a practical guide / Alexander B. Baxter. p. ; cm.
ISBN 978-1-60406-742-2 (alk. paper)I. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Diagnostic Imaging. 2. Emergency Medicine—methods. WN 180]
RC78.7.D53
616.07′54—dc23
2015010462
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ISBN 978-1-60406-742-2
Also available as an e-book:
eISBN 978-1-60406-743-9
Important note: Medicine is an ever-changing sci-ence undergoing continual development. Research and clinical experience are continually expanding our knowledge, in particular our knowledge of proper treatment and drug therapy. Insofar as this book mentions any dosage or application, read-ers may rest assured that the authors, editors, and publishers have made every eort to ensure that such references are in accordance with the state of knowledge at the time of production of the book.
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Dedicated to my mother, Anita Yarost Baxter, my father, Seymour Baxter, my brothers, Daniel and David,and to my teachers
vii
C
ont
ent
s
Foreword
xiii
Stuart E. Mervis, MD, FACRPreface
xv
Acknowledgments
xvi
1 Introduction to Emergency Imaging
1
Observing and Interpreting
Reporting
Grading and Measuring
Incidental Findings
Learning Radiology
CT Window and Level
Approximate Radiation Doses for Emergency Studies (mSV)CT Contrast Administration, Risks, and Adverse Reactions
2 Brain
9
Approach
Imaging and Anatomy
Clinical Presentations and Dierential DiagnosisCerebral Edema Patterns
Anatomic Variants and Incidental FindingsSkull Fracture
Epidural Hematoma
Acute Subdural Hematoma
Subacute and Chronic Subdural HematomaSubdural Hygroma
Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Cerebral Contusion
Diuse Axonal Injury
Pneumocephalus
Cerebral Swelling
Cerebral Herniation
Posttraumatic Atrophy and EncephalomalaciaHypertensive Hemorrhage
Amyloid Angiopathy
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Arteriovenous Malformation
Cavernous Malformation
Anoxic