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      1  Cover

      2  Title Page

      3  Copyright Page

      4  Preface Reference

      5  List of Contributors

      6  PART 1: Concerns in Pregnancy PROTOCOL 1: Alcohol Use in Pregnancy and Lactation Overview Alcohol use during pregnancy Alcohol use during lactation Screening for alcohol use Intervention and referral to treatment Conclusion Suggested reading PROTOCOL 2: Smoking, Vaping, and Nicotine Exposure Clinical significance Pathophysiology Screening for tobacco, nicotine, and vaping exposure Interventions Pharmacotherapy Complications Follow‐up and prevention Suggested reading PROTOCOL 3: Opioid Use, Misuse, and Addiction in Pregnancy and Postpartum Overview Opioid use and misuse Screening and diagnosis Management Labor and delivery Postpartum Conclusion Suggested reading PROTOCOL 4: Depression Clinical significance Pathophysiology Diagnosis Management Follow‐up Conclusion Suggested reading

      7  PART 2: Antenatal Testing PROTOCOL 5: Prenatal Testing for Chromosomal Abnormalities Overview Pathophysiology Diagnosis and screening protocols Conclusion Suggested reading PROTOCOL 6: Fetal Echocardiography Overview Pathophysiology Structural heart disease Fetal arrhythmias Suggested reading PROTOCOL 7: Clinical Use of Doppler Overview Pathophysiology Diagnosis Management Summary Suggested reading PROTOCOL 8: Antepartum Testing Nonstress test Biophysical profile Modified biophysical profile Contraction stress test Umbilical Artery Doppler Velocimetry Indications for antepartum fetal surveillance Suggested reading PROTOCOL 9: Fetal Blood Sampling and Transfusion Clinical significance Cytogenetic diagnosis Fetal infection Fetal anemia Procedure‐related risks Long‐term effects Technique Future directions