Manual for Eye Examination and Diagnosis. Mark W. Leitman

      1  Cover

      2  Title Page

      3  Copyright Page

      4  Preface

      5  Introduction to the eye team and their instruments Instruments Dedicated to Andrea Kase

      6  Chapter 1: Medical history Medical illnesses Medications (ocular side effects) Family history of eye disease

      7  Chapter 2: Measurement of vision and refraction Visual acuity Optics Refraction Contact lenses Common problems Refractive surgery

      8  Chapter 3: Neuro‐ophthalmology Eye movements Strabismus Cranial nerves III–VIII Nystagmus Common brain tumors The pupil Adie’s pupil (tonic pupil) Visual field testing Color vision Circulatory disturbances affecting vision

      9  Chapter 4: External structures Lymph nodes Lacrimal system Failure of the tear to reach the puncta Obstruction at the puncta or canaliculus Tearing due to NLD obstructions Lids Lashes Phakomatoses Anterior and posterior blepharitis

      10  Chapter 5: The orbit Imaging Sinusitis Exophthalmos Enophthalmos

      11  Chapter 6: Slit lamp examination Cornea Corneal epithelial disease Corneal endothelial disease Corneal transplantation (keratoplasty) Conjunctiva Sclera

      12  Chapter 7: Glaucoma Glaucoma vs. glaucoma suspect The iridocorneal angle The optic disk (optic papilla) Signs of nerve fiber damage Medical treatment (Table 11)

      13  Chapter 8: Uvea Malignant uveal tumors Inflammation of the uvea (uveitis) Anti‐inflammatories

      14  Chapter 9: Cataracts Laser‐assisted cataract surgery Some complications of cataract surgery

      15  Chapter 10: The retina and vitreous Retinal anatomy Fundus examination Age‐related macular degeneration Central serous chorioretinopathy Pseudoxanthoma elasticum Albinism Retinitis pigmentosa Retinoblastoma Retinopathy of prematurity Vitreous