Английский язык. Теория и практика. Совершенные длительные времена. Основные неправильные глаголы.. Ричард Грант
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Настоящее совершенное продолженное время – The Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Continuous Tense – настоящее совершенное продолженное время, описывает действие, которое началось в прошлом, до сих пор продолжается или только что закончилось.
С этим временем часто употребляются следующие обстоятельства времени: for – на протяжении, в течение, since – с какого-то времени, recently – недавно, на днях, all morning/day/week – все утро/весь день/всю неделю, lately – в последнее время.
Образование Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Утвердительная форма – Subject + have/has + been + verb (-ing) + …
It has been raining all day long. I’m sick and tired of this weather. – Дождь идет весь день. Меня достала эта погода.
Отрицательная форма – Subject + have/has + not + been + verb (-ing) + …
He hasn’t been working all weekend. He is lying. – Он не работал все выходные. Он врет.
Вопросительная форма – (Question word) + have/has + subject + been + verb (-ing) + …?
How long have you been dating him? – Как долго ты с ним встречаешься?
При ответе на вопрос, предполагающий ответ да или нет, используются следующие шаблоны:
Have they been sleeping? – Yes, they have. – (положительный ответ) – No, they have not. – (отрицательный ответ)
Has he been training? – Yes, he has. – (положительный ответ) – No, he has not. – (отрицательный ответ)
Упражнение 1
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
1. The vegetables (to boil) since 10 o’clock. 2. Helen (to wash) the dishes for fifteen minutes. 3. My brother (to stay) with us for three weeks, he hasn’t left yet. 4. She (to live) in this house for five years but she doesn’t know her neighbors. 5. He (to wait) for her answer for six months. 6. My classmates (to write) a dictation since the beginning of the lesson. 7. It (to rain) hard since morning, I can’t go for a walk. 8. The text is very difficult, the students (to translate) it since the lesson began. 9. My sister (to send) job applications for 3 months. 10. Sam (to drive) a car for five hours now. 11. How long you (to look) for her? It’s strange that you can find her nowhere.
Упражнение 2
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
1. I (to paint) the fence since morning but I haven’t finished it yet. 2. I (to try) to find my documents since last Sunday. 3. I (to look) for information on the subject since last Friday. 4. The sun is shining but the ground is wet because he (to water) the garden for a long time. 5. You (to talk) for almost an hour without stopping. 6. They (to learn) Japanese for a couple of years. 7. Molly (to paint) this picture for three days now. 8. She looks very tired. What she (to do)? 9. The boss is very angry, because his secretary (to type) the report for five hours. 10. Father (to drill) holes in the wall since noon. 11. The tourists (to do) the sightseeing since nine o’clock.
Упражнение 3
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
1. He is a good player, because he (to play) chess since he was five. 2. My brother (to play) computer games for 3 hours. 3. You (to work) as a computer programmer for more than fifteen years. 4. I (to listen) to you very carefully. 5. We can’t see paths in the garden, because it (to snow) heavily during the whole night. 6. The wind (to blow) since yesterday. 7. He (not to take) his medicine for the last week. 8. He (to write) his summary since the lecture began. 9. My grandfather (to collect) coins since he was a boy. 10. I (to buy) food here since I came to this town. 11. We (to save) the money for a holiday for a year. 12. Andy and Den (to discuss) the plans for their winter holidays for two hours now. 13. The states of the roads are very bad here, though they (to repair) them for the last few years.
Прошедшее совершенное продолженное время – The Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Continuous Tense – прошедшее совершенное продолженное время описывает действие, которое началось в прошлом, продолжалось какой-то период и закончилось как раз к моменту речи о нем или все еще продолжалось при наступлении другого действия в прошлом.
С этим временем часто употребляются следующие обстоятельства времени: for – на протяжении, в течение (за ним следует количество времени, например, all morning, five years), before – прежде чем, since – с тех пор, как (после since ставится конкретное время, дата или день недели), how long – как долго (употребляется в вопросительных предложениях), until/till – пока, до тех пор как, all morning, all day, all night long – все утро, весь день, всю ночь, by – к определенному моменту в прошлом).
Образование Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Утвердительная форма – Subject + had + been + verb (-ing) + …
He had been looking for a job for months before he got one. – Он искал работу месяцами, прежде чем нашел ее.
Отрицательная форма – Subject + had + not + been + verb (-ing) + …
My sister hadn’t been waiting long at the airport when they announced about the delay of her flight. – Моя сестра не долго прождала в аэропорту, когда объявили о задержке ее рейса.
Вопросительная форма – (Question word) + had + subject + been + verb (-ing) + …?
How