A Field Guide to British Rivers. George Heritage

A Field Guide to British Rivers - George Heritage


Скачать книгу
Based on Leopold and Wolman (1957). © John Wiley & Sons).

      Source: Modified from Montgomery and Buffington (1997). © John Wiley & Sons.

Attribute Channel type
Braided Regime Pool‐riffle Plane‐bed Step‐pool Cascade Bedrock Colluvial
Typical bed material Variable Sand Gravel Gravel cobble Cobble boulder Boulder n/a Variable
Bedform pattern Lateral oscillation Multi layered Lateral oscillation None Vertical oscillation None Variable
Reach type Response Response Response Response Transport Transport Transport Source
Dominant roughness elements Bedforms (bars, pools) Sinuosity bedforms (dunes, ripples, bars) Banks Bedforms (bars, pools) Grains Large wood Sinuosity Banks Grains, Banks Bedforms (steps, pools) Grains Large wood Banks Grains Banks Boundaries (bed, banks) Grains Large wood
Dominant sediment sources Fluvial Bank failure Debris flows Fluvial Bank failure Inactive channel Fluvial Bank failure Inactive channel Debris flows Fluvial Bank failure Debris flows Fluvial, Hillslope Debris flows Fluvial Hillslope Debris flows Fluvial Hillslope Debris flows Hillslope Debris flows
Sediment storage elements Overbank bedforms Overbank bedforms inactive channel Overbank bedforms inactive channel Overbank inactive channel Bedforms Lee and stoss sides of obstructions Bed
Typical slope <0.03 <0.001 0.001> <0.02 0.001> <0.03 0.03> <0.08 0.08> <0.3 Variable >0.2
Typical confinement Unconfined Unconfined Unconfined Variable Confined Confined Confined Confined
Pool spacing (channel widths) Variable 5–7 5–7 none 1–4 <1 Variable Variable
Reference Pool Glide Riffle Rapid Cascade
Bisson et al. (1988) S < 0.04 S > 0.04 S > 0.04 S < 0.16
Sullivan (1986) S < 0.01 S > 0.01 S < 0.02 S > 0.01 S < 0.04 S > 0.04 S ~ 0.068
Grant et al. (1990) S ~ 0.005 S < 0.02 S ~ 0.011 S ~ 0.029 S ~ 0.055
Wood‐Smith and Buffington (1996) Closed topographic depression S > 0.02 S < 0.04 S > 0.04
Montgomery and Buffington (1997) S ~ 0.012 S > 0.0015 S < 0.04 S > 0.02 S < 0.076 S ~ 0.11
Schematic illustration of the River Styles typology.

      (Source: Based on Brierley and Fryirs (2005). © John Wiley & Sons).

      2.3.3 River Styles Framework


Скачать книгу