Концепции современного естествознания. Часть 2. Биология и геология. Аркадий Исаакович Липкин

Концепции современного естествознания. Часть 2. Биология и геология - Аркадий Исаакович Липкин


Скачать книгу
лет, конец – 630— 700 млн. лет назад. Для протерозоя характерны активные процессы осадкообразования. В протерозое появляются сине-зеленые водоросли, простейшие организмы, возникают многоклеточные организмы.

      5

      «Горячая точка – проявление внутриплитной магматической активности, обусловленное процессами в верхней мантии (термин свободного пользования); мантийный плюм – проявление внутриплитной тектонической и магматической активности, обусловленное процессами в нижней мантии, источник которой может находиться на любой глубине в нижней мантии, вплоть до границы кора – мантия» [Грачев]

      6

      Такой канал можно рассматривать как вариант упоминавшегося выше «мантийного плюма», как его конкретную модель.

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
Скачать книгу