Английский язык. Сравнительная педагогика. Елена Столбова
separated off from «the majority» who are thought to benefit more from a more technical or practical education.
Third, there are those who question deeply the idea of a curriculum based on these traditional subjects. Many employers, for instance, think that such a curriculum by itself ill – serves the country economically. The curriculum ought to be more relevant to the world of work, providing those skills, such as computer, numeracy and literacy skills, personal qualities (such as cooperation and enterprise) and knowledge (such as economic awareness) which make people more employable.
A very important speech which expressed those concerns and which is seen as a watershed in government policy was that of Prime Minister Callaghan at Ruskin College, Oxford, in 1976.
«Preparing future generations for life» was the theme and he pointed to the need for greater relevance in education on four fronts: the acquisition by school leavers of basic skills which they lacked but which industry needed; the development of more positive attitudes to industry and to the economic needs of society; greater technological know-how so that they might live effectively in a technological society; the development of personal qualities for coping with an unpredictable future.
succeed – успевать
prepare – готовить
value – ценность
achievement – достижение
argue for – выступать за
previous – предыдущий
selection – отбор
benefit – извлекать пользу
speech – речь
acquisition – приобретение
skill – навыки
fail – терпеть неудачу
survey – исследование
emphasize – подчеркивать
curriculum – учебная программа
capable – способный
advocate – защищать
employable – трудоспособный
watershed – поворотный пункт
cope with – бороться с
2. Give English equivalents:
Различный, счет, недавний, знания, необходимость, поддерживать, правительство, снижаться, сравнение, правильный, поколение, работодатель, указывать, критические замечания, наука, обеспечивать, политика, выражать, исследования, служить, направление, выпускник, разработка, непредсказуемый.
3. Translate these expressions:
The areas of literacy, unfavourable, teaching methods, to meet the criticism, back to basis, the minority, relevant, economic awareness, international surveys, to be interested in, numeric skills, to concern, the study of literacy classics, the majority, to enterprise, personal qualities.
4. Answer the questions:
1. What do critics emphasize?
2. What is a traditional curriculum?
3. What should people learn to live effectively in a technological society?
4. What are the results of international surveys?
5. What were cultural standards of previous generation?
6. What must the curriculum provide?
7. Why do some teachers support an early selection of children?
5. Translate into English:
1. Необходимо развитие личных качеств для борьбы с непредсказуемым будущим.
2. Стандарты школы являются слишком низкими.
3. Школы не смогли привить социальные ценности.
4. Некоторые критики подчеркивают снижение грамотности.
5. Существует необходимость использования более традиционных методов обучения.
6. Учебные программы должны быть более актуальными.
7. Некоторые учащиеся не заинтересованы в обучении.
6. Read and translate the text.
John Locke (29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704), was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers.
Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Francis Bacon, he is equally important to social contract theory. His work had a great impact upon the development of epistemology and political philosophy.
Locke was born on 29 August 1632, in a small cottage by the church in Wrington, Somerset, about twelve miles from Bristol.
In 1693 John Locke, after writing extensively on topics such as human understanding, government, money, and toleration, published a book which seemed quite heretical at the time: “Some Thoughts Concerning Education”. Unfortunately, for the modern reader there doesn’t seem to be any shock value left at all. Consider the three key themes which are addressed: the development of self-discipline through esteem and disgrace rather than force or reward; the significance of developing a good character; and the importance of developing reason in a child by treating the child as a rational entity.
Many of Locke’s ideas are quite humane and consistent with his strong democratic sentiments. Locke’s belief that the mind is a piece of wax or white paper which the active educator must keep as still as possible in order to accurately stamp the information she would have the pupil passively receive.
1. Who was John Locke?
2. What was his belief?
3. What is the name of his famous book?
4. What were the three key themes of Locke?
5. How did he describe human beings?
LESSON 4
TEACHING METHODS IN EDUCATION
1. Read and translate the text.
There are many teaching methods in education that enhance the learning process of the students. Read this article to know the different teaching methods.
To achieve the goal of