The Influence of sea Power upon the French Revolution and Empire 1793-1812, vol I. Alfred Thayer Mahan

12

Annual Register, 1793; State Papers, pp. 127, 128.

13

Annual Register, 1793; State Papers, pp. 127, 128.

14

Chevalier, Mar. Fran. sous la République, p. 49.

15

Nap. to Decrès, Aug. 29, 1805.

16

Troude, Batailles Nav., vol. iii. p. 370.

17

Moniteur, Jan. 19, 1790, p. 82.

18

Chevalier, Mar. Fran. sous la République, p. 11.

19

Ibid., p. 12.

20

Guérin, Histoire de la Marine, vol. iii. p. 156 (1st ed.).

21

Troude, Batailles Nav. de la France, vol. ii. p. 201.

22

Guérin, Hist. Mar., vol. iii. p. 195 (1st ed.).

23

Troude, Bat. Nav., vol. 2, p. 320.

24

Guérin, vol. iii. p. 213.

25

Guérin, vol. iii. p. 153.

26

See Chevalier, Mar. Fran. sous la République, pp. 20-23.

27

The decree of April 22 is in the Moniteur of the 23d. That of the 28th is not; but it will be found in the "Collection Générale des Décrets rendus par l'Ass. Nat." for April, 1791.

28

The word entretenu, here rendered "paid," is difficult to translate. The dictionary of the French Academy explains it to mean an officer kept on pay, without necessarily being employed. Littré says that an officer "non entretenu" is one not having a commission. The word carries the idea of permanence. By the decree of April 28, "enseignes non entretenus" had no pay nor military authority, except when on military service; nor could they wear the uniform, except when so employed.

29

Troude, Bat. Nav., vol. ii. p. 260.

30

Troude, Bat. Nav., vol. ii. pp. 261, 262.

31

Troude, Bat. Nav., vol. ii. p. 397.

32

Troude, Bat. Nav., vol. ii. p. 396.

33

Guérin, Hist. de la Mar., vol. iii. p. 411 (note). (Ed. 1848.)

34

Chevalier, Mar. Fran. sous la Rép., p. 126.

35

Chevalier, Mar. Fran. sous la Rép., p. 126.

36

Jurien de la Gravière, Guerres Mar., vol. i. p. 138 (1st ed.).

37

Ibid., vol. i. p. 139 (1st ed.).

38

Chevalier, Mar. Fran. sous la Rép., pp. 51, 52.

39

Chevalier, Mar. Fran. sous la Rép., pp. 97-101.

40

Chevalier, p. 42.

41

Chevalier, Rép. p. 219.

42

Tronde, Bat. Nav., vol. ii. p. 423.

43

Letter of the Ordonnateur de la Marine, Najac; Jurien de la Gravière, Guerres Mar. (4th ed. App.).

44

Chevalier, Mar. Fran. sous le Consulat, p. 47.

45

Ibid., p. 49.

46

Troude, Bat. Nav., vol. iii. p. 337.

47

La Gravière, Guerres Mar., p. 51.

48

Chevalier, Rép., p. 132.

49

See Chapter VI.

50

Chevalier, Mar. Fran. sous le Consulat, p. 43.

51

Collingwood's Correspondence, p. 48. (First American from fourth London edition.)

52

Nelson's Dispatches, vol. vi. p. 480.

53

Collingwood's Correspondence, pp. 265, 266.

54

Collingwood's Correspondence, p. 208.

55

Brenton's Naval History, vol. i. p. 415. (Ed. 1823.)

56

Brenton's Naval History, vol. i. p. 455.

57

James' Nav. Hist. vol. i. p. 53 (ed. 1878). This system had been adopted in France a century before by Colbert (Revue Mar. et Coloniale, September, 1887, p. 567).

58

Brenton's Nav. Hist., vol. ii. p. 105.

59

James' Nav. Hist., vol. i. pp. 57, 58.

60

Guerres Mar., vol. i. p. 49 (1st ed.).

61

James, vol. i. p. 55.

62

Guerres Mar., vol. i. p. 164 (note).

63

Nels. Disp. i. 309-311.

64

Nels. Disp., i. p. 312.

65

Ibid., ii. pp. 70, 77, 241.

66

Life of Sir Jahleel Brenton.

67

James' Nav. Hist., vol. i. p. 54. (Ed. 1878).

68

James' Nav. Hist., vol. i. p. 54. (Ed. 1878).

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