The Influence of Sea Power upon the French Revolution and Empire 1793-1812, Vol II. Alfred Thayer Mahan
powers, on the plea of neutral rights, agreed to arm. (Ibid., p. 260.) In fact, the other powers urged upon Great Britain that the Russian sequestration being on account of Malta, they had no share in it, and so were not subjects for retaliation; ignoring that they had chosen that moment to come to Russia's support.
32
Annual Register, 1801; State Papers, p. 246.
33
Nels. Disp., vol. iv., pp. 349, 352.
34
Ibid., p. 349; also see p. 379.
35
Ibid., vol. iv. p. 416.
36
Nels. Disp., vol. iv. p. 373.
37
For the important bearings of this stipulation, which was made as an additional and explanatory declaration to the main convention (Annual Register, 1801; State Papers, p. 217), see
38
For instance, Thiers, H. Martin, and Lanfrey.
39
Corr. de Nap. vol. vii. p. 25.
40
Corr. de Nap. vol. vii. p. 47.
41
For full particulars of Bonaparte's views for the ships in Brest, which then contained the large body of Spaniards brought back by Bruix the previous August, see Corr. de Nap. vol. vi. pp. 181, 186. It must be remembered that there was then practically no French line-of-battle force in the Mediterranean.
42
Corr. de Nap., vol. vi. pp. 262, 263.
43
The advantage of the close watch is also shown by the perplexity arising when an enemy's squadron did escape. In this case, seven ships-of-the-line were detached from the Channel fleet in chase of Ganteaume, but "owing to lack of information" they were sent to the West Indies instead of the Mediterranean. (James, vol. iii. p. 73.) The latter was sufficiently controlled by Keith with seven sail-of-the-line in the Levant, and Warren with five before Cadiz, to which he joined two more at Minorca.
44
See
45
In the above the attempt has been merely to summarize the rapid succession of events, and the orders issuing from Bonaparte's intensely active mind to meet the varying situations. Reference may be made by the student to his correspondence, vol. vi. pp. 719, 729, 745; vol. vii. pp. 4, 24-26, 69-73, 125, 144, 164, 197, 198.
46
This ship, the "St. Antoine," was one of those ceded to France by Spain.
47
Ross's Life of Saumarez, vol. ii. p. 21.
48
March 2, 1801. Corr. de Nap., vol. vii. p. 72.
49
The treaty was signed June 6, and ratified June 16. (Ann. Reg. 1801; State Papers, p. 351.) Bonaparte received his copy June 15. (Corr. de Nap., vol. vii. p. 215.)
50
Corr. de Nap., vol. vii. p. 256.
51
Ibid., p. 266.
52
See ante, p. 60.
53
Ann. Reg. 1801; State Papers, p. 257.
54
Paul I. had particularly held to the preservation of Naples and the restitution of Piedmont to the king of Sardinia. On April 12 the first consul heard of Paul's death, and the same day issued an order making Piedmont a military division of France. This was purposely antedated to April 2. (Corr. de Nap., vol. vii. p. 147.) Talleyrand was notified that this was a first, though tentative, step to incorporation. If the Prussian minister remonstrated, he was to reply that France had not discussed the affairs of Italy with the king of Prussia. (Ibid., p. 153.) Alexander was civilly told that Paul's interest in the Italian princes was considered to be personal, not political. (Ibid., p. 169.) The Russian ambassador, however, a month later haughtily reminded Talleyrand that his mission depended upon the "kings of Sardinia and the Two Sicilies being again put in possession of the states which they possessed before the irruption of the French troops into Italy." (Ann. Reg., 1801; State Papers, pp. 340-342) Liguria (Genoa) was also made a military division of France by order dated April 18. (Corr. de Nap., vol. vii. p. 162.)
55
While refusing this in his instructions to the French negotiator, the latter was informed he might yield it, if necessary. (Corr. de Nap., vol. vii., pp. 255-258.)
56
Corr. de Nap., vol. vii. p. 323.
57
Parliamentary History, vol. xxxvi. p. 47.
58
Commentaires de Napoléon, vol. iii. p. 377.
59
Hist. de France depuis 1789, vol. i. p. 396.
60
Speech of Nov. 3, 1801.
61
Annual Register 1801, p. 280.
62
See ante, p. 70.
63
Am. State Papers, vol. ii. pp. 509, 511.
64
Am. State Papers, vol. ii. p. 511.
65
The slightest delay under these circumstances is very prejudicial, and may be of great consequence to our squadrons and naval expeditions.—
66
Corr. de Nap., March 12, 1802, vol. vii. p. 522.
67
Ibid., April 3, 1802, vol. vii. p. 543.
68
Corr. de Nap., July 1, 1802, vol. vii. p. 641.
69
Ibid., April 13, 1801, vol. vii. p. 153.
70
Ibid., April 18, 1801, vol. vii. p. 162.
71
Corr. de Nap., August 2, 1802, vol. vii. p. 696.
72
Ibid., vol. vii. pp. 528, 544.
73
Ibid., vol. vii. p. 578.
74
Decree of Nov. 19, 1792.
75
Thiers, Cons. et Emp., livre xv. p. 38.
76
Ibid., livre xv. pp. 50, 51.
77
Ibid., xvi. p. 234.
78
Note Verbale. Remonstrance addressed to the French government. (Ann. Reg. 1802; State Papers, p. 675.)
79
Lord Hawkesbury's speech; Parl. Hist., vol. xxxvi. p. 971.
80
Parl. Hist., vol. xxxvi. p. 1380.
81
Annual Register, 1803, p. 681.
82
Secret Instructions to Lord Whitworth; Yonge's Life of Lord Liverpool, vol. i. p. 93.
83
Adams, Hist. of the United States, 1801-1817, vol. ii. pp. 13-21.
84
The San Domingo expedition cost the lives of over twenty-five thousand French soldiers.
85
The British ambassador in Paris reached the same conclusion from the instructions sent by Talleyrand to the French envoy in London. "It appears from this note that this government is not desirous to proceed to extremities; that is to say, it is not prepared to do so." (March 18; Parl. Hist., vol. xxxvi. p. 1315.) The United States minister in Paris also wrote, March 24, "Here there is an earnest and sincere desire to avoid war, as well in the government as the people." (Am. State Papers, ii. 549.)
86
Instructions to Duroc, March 12, 1803, Corr. de Nap., vol. viii. pp. 307-311. It is noteworthy that these instructions were issued the same day that was received in Paris information of the king's message to Parliament of March 8, that "in consequence of military preparations in the ports of France and Holland he had adopted additional measures of precaution." Two days later the militia was called out.
87
Corr. de Nap., vol.