Монгольское нашествие на Русь и Европу. Андрей Шестаков

Монгольское нашествие на Русь и Европу

орде определить трудно. Плано Карпини[152] писал, что в 40-х гг. XIII в. в армии Батыя монголов насчитывалось примерно ¼ (160 тысяч монголов и до 450 тысяч воинов из покоренных народов). Можно предположить, что накануне нашествия на Восточную Европу монголов было несколько больше, до 1/3, так как впоследствии в состав полчищ Батыя влилось большое количество аланов, кыпчаков и булгар»[153]. «…аналогичное соотношение в 1/3 есть и у монаха Юлиана[154], который был в Поволжье во время погрома Булгара и накануне похода на Русь»[155].

Конец ознакомительного фрагмента.

Текст предоставлен ООО «ЛитРес».

Прочитайте эту книгу целиком, купив полную легальную версию на ЛитРес.

Безопасно оплатить книгу можно банковской картой Visa, MasterCard, Maestro, со счета мобильного телефона, с платежного терминала, в салоне МТС или Связной, через PayPal, WebMoney, Яндекс.Деньги, QIWI Кошелек, бонусными картами или другим удобным Вам способом.

Примечания

1

Примечания см. в конце книги.

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

Скачать книгу