Creating a Common Polity. Emily Mackil
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University of California Press
Berkeley and Los Angeles, California
University of California Press, Ltd.
London, England
© 2013 by The Regents of the University of California
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Mackil, Emily Maureen.
Creating a common polity : religion, economy, and politics in the making of the Greek koinon / Emily Mackil.
p.cm. — (Hellenistic culture and society; 55)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-520-27250-7 (cloth, alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-520-95393-2 (ebook)
1. Greece—Politics and government—To 146 B.C 2. City-states—Greece—History. 3. Religion and state—Greece—History. I. Title.
JC73.M3372013
320.938—dc232012012446
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For Max
CONTENTS
Preface
Abbreviations
Maps
Introduction
PART I. COOPERATION, COMPETITION, AND COERCION: A NARRATIVE HISTORY
1.The Archaic Period and the Fifth Century
2.The Fourth Century
Common Wars, Common Peaces, Common Polities, 404–371
Theban Hegemony and the Hegemony of the Koinon, 371–346
A New Macedonian Order, 346–323
3.The Hellenistic Period
Mainland Greece and the Wars of the Successors, 323–285
Independence and Expansion, 284–245
The Roman Entrance and the War against Kleomenes, 229–222
The Rise of Philip V and the Social War, 221–217
The First and Second Macedonian Wars: Rome, Aitolia, and Philip V, 215–196
The Freedom of the Greeks and the Dismantling of Regional Cooperation, 196–167
Bargaining with Rome, the Struggle for Sparta, and the End of the Achaian Koinon, 167–146
PART II. INTERACTIONS AND INSTITUTIONS
4.Cultic Communities
Building Regional Communities
Politicizing Regional Communities
Legitimating and Celebrating the Power of the Koinon
Reproducing the Power of the Koinon
5.Economic Communities
Cooperative Coinage and Early Forms of Economic Cooperation
Protecting and Promoting Economic Mobility
Resource Complementarity and Economic Interdependence
Winning the Battle for Resources
Taxation and Regional State Revenues
Managing Economic Crises and Disputes
6.Political Communities
Coercion and Cooperation in the Formation of the Koinon
The Terms of the Federal Compromise
Enforcement, Negotiation, and Institutional Stability
Conclusion
Appendix: Epigraphic Dossier
I. Boiotia: T1–T33
II. Achaia: T34–T46
III. Aitolia: T47–T61
Bibliography
Index of Subjects
Index Locorum
PREFACE
This book trades in a currency that is not widely accepted beyond the relatively small scholarly circle of classicists, ancient historians, and Greek epigraphers. Yet in the course of writing it I have learned a great deal from work done in fields well beyond theirs, including geography, economics, political science, anthropology, and sociology. I have therefore attempted to write in such a way as to keep my account accessible to the interested nonspecialist, in the hope that the intellectual exchange may be reciprocal. At the same time, the full scholarly apparatus of ancient historical research, especially that based in ancient documents, has been retained in the notes and above all in the appended epigraphic dossier, which collects, translates, and comments upon sixty-one Greek inscriptions of particular relevance to the argument that is sustained over the course of this book. I hope that, in offering this book for exchange with specialists and nonspecialists alike, I have not unwittingly debased my currency with both.
It is with a view to accessibility beyond classical circles that all Greek is transliterated (except in the epigraphic dossier), according to what I readily admit is a somewhat arbitrary system. I have preferred the Greek to the Latin system of transliteration, except where the result is an offense to normal English usage. So, for example, Achaia, Aitolia, Boiotia, Orchomenos, and Polybios are as close