EXTREMOPHILES as Astrobiological Models. Группа авторов
Ecosystems Remind Us of Environmental Conditions When Life Originated in the Universe 7.9 Ultra-Abyssal Ecosystem: Puerto Rico Trench 7.10 Affiliations of Abyssal Life to Astrobiology: Some Perspectives 7.11 Can We Find Protozoans Such as Xenophyophores on Other Planets? 7.12 Barophilic Organisms in the Deep-Sea Acknowledgments References
6 Part II: Extremophiles in Space (International Space Station, Others) and Simulated Space Environments 8 Challenging the Survival Thresholds of a Desert Cyanobacterium under Laboratory Simulated and Space Conditions 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Endurance of Chroococcidiopsis Under Air-Drying and Space Vacuum 8.3 Endurance of Chroococcidiopsis Under Laboratory Simulated and Space Radiation 8.4 The Use of Chroococcidiopsis’s Survival Thresholds for Future Astrobiological Experiments Acknowledgments References 9 Lichens as Astrobiological Models: Experiments to Fathom the Limits of Life in Extraterrestrial Environments 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Survival of Lichens in Outer Space 9.3 Space Environment: Relevance in Space Science 9.4 Biological Effects of Space 9.5 Current and Past Astrobiological Facilities for Experiments with Lichens 9.6 Space Experiments with Lichens 9.7 Simulation Studies 9.8 Summary and Conclusions 9.9 Future Possibilities and Recommendations References 10 Resistance of the Archaeon Halococcus morrhuae and the Biofilm-Forming Bacterium Halomonas muralis to Exposure to Low Earth Orbit for 534 Days 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Material and Methods 10.3 Results 10.4 Discussion Acknowledgments References 11 The Amazing Journey of Cryomyces antarcticus from Antarctica to Space 11.1 Introduction 11.2 The McMurdo Dry Valleys 11.3 Cryptoendolithic Communities 11.4 The Black Microcolonial Yeast-like Fungus Cryomyces antarcticus 11.5 The Polyextremotolerance of Cryomyces antarcticus 11.6 Cryomyces antarcticus and its Resistance to Radiation in Ground-Based Simulated Studies 11.7 C. antarcticus and its Resistance to Actual Space Exposure in Low Earth Orbit 11.8 Conclusion 11.9 Future Perspectives Acknowledgments References
7
Part III: Reviews of Extremophiles on Earth and in Space
12 Tardigrades – Evolutionary Explorers in Extreme Environments
12.1 Introduction
12.2 The Evolutionary Transition Towards Cryptobiotic Adaptations in Tardigrades
12.3 Cryptobiosis as an Evolutionary Adaptive Strategy
12.4 Defining Life in Cryptobiotic Animals
12.5 A Resilience Approach to the Cryptobiotic State
12.6 Molecular Mechanisms for Structural Stability in the Dry State
12.7 Tardigrades as Astrobiological Models
12.8 Tardigrades – Extremotolerants or Extremophiles?
Acknowledgments
References
13 Spore-Forming Bacteria as Model Organisms for Studies in Astrobiology
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Historical Beginnings
13.3 Revival of Lithopanspermia
13.4 Testing Lithopanspermia Experimentally
13.5 Lithopanspermia, Spores, and the Origin of Life
13.6 Interstellar Lithopanspermia
13.7 Humans as Agents of Panspermia
13.8 Survival and Growth of Spores in the Mars Environment
Acknowledgments
References
14 Potential Energy Production and Utilization Pathways of the