The Orthodontic Mini-implant Clinical Handbook. Richard Cousley

      1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 The three principal sections of a mini‐implant: the head superfic...Figure 1.2 (a) Direct anchorage where this grey elastomeric attachment provi...Figure 1.3 Coronal slice views of a CBCT scan of the maxilla (a) before and ...Figure 1.4 Intraoral radiographs taken after (a) insertion of a cylindricall...Figure 1.5 Overgrowth of the labial sulcular tissues caused by these mandibu...Figure 1.6 (a) Photograph of lower anterior mini‐implants immediately after ...Figure 1.7 (a) Hyperplasia of the palatal mucosa covering an overinserted mi...Figure 1.8 Labial ulceration caused by this mandibular mini‐implant's insert...Figure 1.9 (a) Elastomeric traction auxiliary in contact with the alveolar m...Figure 1.10 Diagrams showing the vertical side‐effects of an oblique vector ...

      2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 An axial cone beam CT where the cortical bone is seen as the peri...Figure 2.2 A panoramic radiograph which illustrates the typical variations i...Figure 2.3 Photographs showing typical peri‐implant soft tissue inflammation...Figure 2.4 Lateral cephalograms of mini‐implant anchorage patients exhibitin...

      3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Diagram of the Infinitas mini‐implant head showing its four brack...Figure 3.2 Diagram of an obliquely inserted Infinitas mini‐implant with a co...Figure 3.3 Diagram of an obliquely inserted mini‐implant where the body trav...Figure 3.4 Packaging of presterilised Infinitas mini‐implants. The mini‐impl...Figure 3.5 Diagram showing how the body's coronal section tapers out from a ...Figure 3.6 Diagram of the Infinitas cortical bone punch traversing the mucos...Figure 3.7 Handpiece insertion of an Infinitas mini‐implant on the palatal a...Figure 3.8 Drilling of the palatal aspect of a plaster model, with the drill...Figure 3.9 (a) Infinitas analogues have been inserted into predrilled holes ...Figure 3.10 A finished insertion stent where the insertion hole in the plast...Figure 3.11 Diagram of a (green) computer‐generated guidance stent, with twi...Figure 3.12 (a,b) Illustrations of a unilateral palatal stent designed using...Figure 3.13 (a–c) Diagrams of a CBCT software package being used to plan pla...

      4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Periapical radiographs taken (a,b) before and (c,d) after inserti...Figure 4.2 The two sides of a mini‐implant patient information leaflet, whic...

      5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Flowchart highlighting the most common insertion site planning co...Figure 5.2 (a) Panoramic and (b) intraoral pretreatment radiographs of the d...Figure 5.3 (a) A reformatted CBCT image of the right maxilla taken to assess...Figure 5.4 A reformatted CBCT image of the maxilla in a 19‐year‐old female, ...Figure 5.5 Reformatted CBCT image of the maxilla in (a) adolescent and (b) a...Figure 5.6 The upper and lower mucogingival junctions are highlighted as bla...Figure 5.7 Two different versions of powerarms being used in the upper arch ...Figure 5.8 (a) Pretreatment panoramic and (b) intraoral postinsertion radiog...Figure 5.9 (a) Intraoral radiograph of an adult where early loss of a first ...Figure 5.10 The clear elastomeric attachment provides horizontally orientate...Figure 5.11 Diagrams of (a) oblique and (b) horizontal vectors of traction t...Figure 5.12 (a) Pretreatment panoramic, (b) preinsertion and (c) postinserti...Figure 5.13 Diagrams of the premolar and first molar teeth where (a) the sec...Figure 5.14 Algorithms (flowcharts) highlighting the most common considerati...Figure 5.15 Lateral cephalogram showing the midline palatal bone thickness a...

      6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Local anaesthesia being injected directly into the insertion site...Figure 6.2 A manual screwdriver placed within the stent's buccal guidance cy...Figure 6.3 The circular piece of excised attached mucosa is seen adjacent to...Figure 6.4 Diagram of the Infinitas cortical bone punch traversing the mucos...Figure 6.5 Freehand manual insertion of a 2.0 mm diameter mini‐implant in th...Figure 6.6 Handpiece insertion of an Infinitas mini‐implant on the palatal a...Figure 6.7 A photograph of Infinitas (short neck) mini‐implants at three dif...Figure 6.8 The long (manual) screwdriver insert is being detached from the m...Figure 6.9 Periapical radiographs taken (a) during and (b) after insertion o...Figure 6.10 (a) Illustration of a mini‐implant where the traction spring has...

      7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Indirect anchorage involving a stainless steel ligature from the ...Figure 7.2 (a) This patient had extraction of the upper first premolar teeth...Figure 7.3 Diagram showing a horizontal vector of traction from the posterio...Figure 7.4 Photographs of single‐tooth powerarms. The left one has been made...Figure 7.5 Diagram showing the effects of an oblique vector of traction wher...Figure 7.6 Alveolar necking in the right maxillary first premolar extraction...Figure 7.7 Lateral cephalograms of an adult patient (a) before treatment and...Figure 7.8 The patient shown in Figure 6.1 after (a) removal of the mini‐imp...Figure 7.9 An adult patient with limited height of attached gingiva at the u...Figure 7.10 (a–e) Pretreatment. (f–i) Following insertion of palatal mini‐im...Figure 7.11 (a–g) Pretreatment views of the Class II division 1 malocclusion...Figure 7.12 (a–d) Pretreatment views showing the Class II division 2 maloccl...Figure 7.13 (a–e) Pretreatment photographs showing the Class II division 1 m...Figure 7.14 (a–e) Pretreatment photographs showing the Class III malocclusio...Figure 7.15 (a–f) Pretreatment views showing the Class II division 1 maloccl...Figure 7.16 (a–c) Pretreatment photographs showing the Class I malocclusion,...Figure 7.17 (a–c) Pretreatment intraoral photographs showing the Class III m...

      8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 (a–c) Pretreatment photographs and a lateral cephalogram showing ...Figure 8.2 (a) A coronal view of a CBCT image showing the mandibular buccal ...Figure 8.3 (a–f) Pretreatment photographs and lateral cephalogram showing th...Figure 8.4 (a,b) Pretreatment view of an adult patient showing a Class II ma...Figure 8.5 (a,b) Intraoral photographs of a 17‐year‐old female presenting wi...Figure 8.6 Diagram showing traction from a mini‐implant, inserted in the pal...Figure 8.7 (a,b) Intraoral photographs showing the Class II malocclusion wit...Figure 8.8 (a–c) Pretreatment views showing the severe Class III malocclusio...Figure