Essential Guide to Acute Care. Nicola Cooper

      1 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Different oxygen masks.Figure 2.2 A 28% Venturi mask. Bernoulli’s equation for incompressible flow ...Figure 2.3 Lower total flow rates in patients with high inspiratory demands....Figure 2.4 Simple guide to oxygen therapy for acutely ill patients. Nasal ca...Figure 2.5 The balance between respiratory muscle load and strength.Figure 2.6 Absorption in a pulse oximeter. Components of absorption. Tissue,...Figure 2.7 The oxygen dissociation curve. The oxygen dissociation curve fall...

      2 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Normal lung volumes. The closing volume (CV) is the volume at whi...Figure 4.2 Pressure changes in the alveolus during normal breathing.Figure 4.3 The oxygen cascade.Figure 4.4 V/Q mismatch versus shunt.Figure 4.5 Different types of respiratory support. BiPAP = bilevel positive ...Figure 4.6 The difference between non‐invasive BiPAP and CPAP. With non‐inva...Figure 4.7 A CPAP circuit.Figure 4.8 How CPAP reduces afterload.Figure 4.9 Waveforms of different ventilator modes. A = BiPAP in a paralysed...Figure 4.10 Algorithm for the management of respiratory failure. The appropr...

      3 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Water distribution in the body of a 70 kg man. ICF: intracellular...Figure 5.2 Sodium and water retention in illness.Figure 5.3 Responses to increasing hypovolaemia in bleeding.Figure 5.4 The effect of fluid challenges versus maintenance fluids on intra...Figure 5.5 The response of the CVP to fluid challenges. In a hypovolaemic pa...

      4 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Immune response and the disrupted microcirculation in sepsis. Bac...Figure 6.2 The relationship between oxygen consumption and oxygen delivery i...Figure 6.3 Manipulating the macrocirculation in sepsis to optimise global ox...

      5 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Overlapping clinical conditions in AKI.Figure 7.2 Factors affecting renal blood flow. A = afferent arteriole; ACE =...Figure 7.3 Autoregulation of renal blood flow. Elevations in vascular resist...

      6 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Factors that influence cerebral blood flow. CBV = cerebral blood ...Figure 8.2 CBF, PaCO₂, PaO₂, and mean arterial pressure. (a) Between a PaCO₂Figure 8.3 The Monro–Kellie doctrine. Diagram of a computed tomography...Figure 8.4 Effect of increasing intracranial volume on ICP.Figure 8.5 Clusters of signs in coma.Figure 8.6 Summary of the management of severe acute bacterial meningitis. *...

      7 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Cardiovascular evaluation and management of patients prior to non...

      8 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 An analgesic ladder. NSAID = non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory dru...Figure 10.2 Different analgesics and the pain pathway.Figure 10.3 An antiemetic ladder. In postoperative patients, start at step 2...Figure 10.4 The increasing effects of lidocaine toxicity.

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