Misunderstanding, Nationalism, or Legalism. Richard Wellons Winston
target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="#ulink_2c4ef9ef-758e-5f44-853d-a797a725f94a">163. Aquinas, Romans, 273–79; Barth, People of God, 40–41; Black, Romans, 136; Bruce, Romans, 186–87; Byrne, Romans, 307–11; Calvin, Romans, 377; Dodd, Romans, 164–66; Edwards, Romans, 245–47; Fitzmyer, Romans, 576–78; Heil, “Christ,” 485–86; Heil, Paul’s Letter to the Romans, 110; Heil, Romans, 70–71; Hendriksen, Romans, 334; Hodge, Romans, 298; Huby, Romains, 361; Hultgren, Romans, 377; Kaylor, Paul’s Covenant Community, 177–78; Kuss, Römerbrief, 744; Kruse, Romans, 393–95; Lange and Fay, Romans, 325–26; Luther, Commentary, 144–48; Luther, Lectures on Romans, 86–91, 405–10; Michel, Römer, 322; Moo, Romans, 326; Moo, Epistle to the Romans, 619; Mounce, Romans, 205–6; Morris, Romans, 375; Munck, Christ, 84; Murray, Romans, 2:43; Nygren, Romans, 377–79; Origen, Romans, 135–36; Osborne, Romans, 89–90, 261–62; Pelagius, Romans, 121–22; Pesch, Römerbrief, 81; Royster, Romans, 257–59; Sanday and Headlam, Romans, 275–76; Schlatter, Romans, 210–12; Schreiner, “Israel’s Failure,” 220; Schreiner, Romans, 533; Seifrid, Christ, 120–23; Seifrid, “Romans,” 650; Stuhlmacher, Romans, 152; Thielman, Plight, 111–15; Thielman, Paul, 205–7; Thielman, Law, 29–30; Thielman, Theology, 368–69; Westerholm, Justification, 21; Wilckens, Römer, 2:220.
Dodd belongs here more than in the other two positions, but he attributes Israel’s inability to keep the law to the ceremonial and mechanical nature of the Law of Holiness and Priestly Code contained in Leviticus (Romans, 164–66). Dodd congratulates Paul on recognizing in Deuteronomy (and this “without the aid of modern criticism”) a stratum that goes deeper than the legalism of Leviticus “and comes very near in spirit to Christianity” (166). Bring, “Paul,” 21–60, speaks of unbelief as disobedience to the law, and faith as the true fulfillment of the law, but he also defines the law as the Old Testament, arguing that the Old Testament as a whole witnesses to righteousness by faith, and that the law is given to reveal humanity’s sinfulness and direct their attention to Christ in order to be justified by faith. That accords more with this third view than the first.
164. Schreiner, “Israel’s Failure,” 220.
165. Calvin, Romans, 377.
166. Stuhlmacher, Romans, 152.
167. Pattee observes, “Nowhere in Paul’s writings does he refer to the OT more frequently than in Romans, and nowhere in Romans are OT citations and allusions found as often as in chapters 9–11” (“Romans 9:30–10:13,” 106).
168. Based on Beale and Carson, Commentary, xxiv–xxvi. Sometimes the order of analysis varies, or multiple aspects are addressed at once, but the basic process is the same throughout.
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