An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Ronald Wardhaugh
rel="nofollow" href="#ulink_98f95270-7a7a-5b36-b8fa-a04b6e1f5496">Critical Discourse Analysis Corpus Linguistics Chapter Summary Further Reading References
12 Part III: Multilingual Matters 8 Languages in Contact: Multilingual Societies and Multilingual Discourse Multilingualism as a Societal Phenomenon Language Maintenance and Shift Diglossia Multilingual Discourse Chapter Summary Further Reading References 9 Contact Varieties: Structural Consequences of Social Factors The Structure of Codeswitching Loanwords and Calques Convergence Ethnicized and Social Dialects as Contact Varieties Mixed Languages Lingua Francas Pidgin and Creole Languages: Definitions Creole Formation Geographical Distribution Linguistic Characteristics of P/C Languages From Pidgin to Creole and Beyond Chapter Summary Further Reading References 10 Language, the Nation, and Beyond Language and Nation Language and Migration Language and Globalization Language and the Digital World Chapter Summary Further Reading References
13 Part IV: Sociolinguistics and Social Justice 11 Language, Gender, and Sexuality Defining Terms: Sex Category, Gender, and Sexuality Sexist Language Deficit, Dominance, and Difference Gender and Sexuality Identities Discourses of Gender and Sexuality Chapter Summary Further Reading References 12 Sociolinguistics and Education Social Dialects and Education Education in Multilingual Contexts Education and World‐Wide English Chapter Summary Further Reading References 13 Language Policy and Planning Terminology, Concepts, and Development of the Field LPP and Nationalization LPP in Post‐ and Neo‐Colonial Contexts Multilingual Countries and LPP Feminist Language Planning Endangered Languages and the Spread of English Chapter Summary Further Reading References
14 Glossary
15 Index
List of Tables
1 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Uses oftóngzhì in 1980s China
2 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Percentage of [r] use in three New York City department stores
3 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Pidgins and creoles by lexifier language
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 ‘Am I a joke to you’ meme.Figure 2.2 ‘Am I a joke to you’ meme without subtitles.
2 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Isoglosses.Figure 5.2 Use of r‐pronunciation by department store (based on Labov 1972)....Figure 5.3 Multiple negation by social class in Detroit (based on Wolfram 19...Figure 5.4 The Northern Cities Vowel Shift.Figure 5.5 Percentages of overreporting by research participants (based on T...Figure 5.6 Percentages of underreporting by research participants