A Companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire, 2 Volume Set. Группа авторов
Callieri (eds.), South Asian Archaeology 1987: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference of the Association of South Asian Archaeologists in Western Eouope, Held in the Fondazione Giorgio Cini, Island of San Giorgio Maggiore, Venice, Teil 2. Serie Orientale Roma 66/2. Roma: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, pp. 587–604.
12 Genito, B. (2012). An “Achaemenid” capital of the Imperial Periphery: Zrānka/Drangiana/Sistan. In G.P. Basello, A.V. Rossi (eds.), Dariosh Studies I: Persepolis and Its Settlements: Territorial System and Ideology in the Achaemenid State. Dipartimento Asia, Africa e Mediterraneo, Series Minor 78. Napoli: Università degli Studi di Napoli “L’Orientale”, pp. 365–385.
13 Gnoli, G. (1993). Dahan e olāmān. Encyclopaedia Iranica, 6, pp. 582–585.
14 Helms, S.W. (1997). Excavations at Old Kandahar in Afghanistan in 1976–1978: Stratigraphy, Pottery and Other Finds. BAR International Series 686. Oxford: Archaeopress.
15 Lamberg‐Karlovsky, C.C., Magee, P. (1999). The Iron Age platforms at Tepe Yahya. Iranica Antiqua, 34, pp. 41–52.
16 Magee, P. (2004). Excavations at Tepe Yahya, Iran, 1967–1975: The Iron Age Settlement. Cambridge, MA: Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology.
17 Magee, P. (2005). The chronology and environmental background of Iron Age settlement in southeastern Iran and the question of the origin of the Qanat irrigation system. Iranica Antiqua, 40, pp. 217–231.
18 Magee, P., Petrie, C. (2010). West of the Indus – East of the Empire: the archaeology of the Pre‐Achaemenid and Achaemenid periods in Baluchistan and the North‐West Frontier Province, Pakistan. In J. Curtis, J. Simpson (eds.), The World of Achaemenid Persia. London: I.B. Tauris, pp. 502–522.
19 Magee, P., Petrie, C., Knox, R., Khan, F., and Thomas, K. (2005). The Achaemenid empire in South Asia and recent excavations in Akra in northern Pakistan. American Journal of Archaeology, 109 (4), pp. 711–741.
20 Marshall, Sir J. (1951). Taxila, 3 volumes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
21 McNicoll, A., Ball, W. (1996). Excavations at Kandahar 1974 and 1975. BAR International Series 641. Oxford: Tempus Reparatum.
22 Mohammadkhani, K. (2012). Une nouvelle construction monumentale achéménide à Dahaneh‐e Gholaman, Sistan, Iran. ARTA 2012.001, pp. 1–18.
23 Potts, D.T. (1990). The Arabian Gulf in Antiquity: Vol. I: From Prehistory to the Fall of the Achaemenid Empire. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
24 Sajjadi, S.M.S. (2007). Wall painting from Dahaneh‐ye Gholaman (Sistan). Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia, 13, pp. 129–154.
25 Sarianidi, V. (1977). Bactrian center of ancient art. Mesopotamia, 12, pp. 97–110.
26 Scerrato, U. (1966). Excavations at Dahan‐e Ghulaman (Seistan‐Iran): first preliminary report (1962–1963). East and West, 16, pp. 9–30.
27 Stein, M.A. (1931). An Archaeological Tour in Gedrosia. Calcutta: Government of India, Central Publication Branch.
28 Stein, M.A. (1937). Archaeological Reconnaissances in North‐Western India and South‐Eastern Iran: Carried Out and Recorded with the Support of Harvard University. London: Macmillan.
29 Vogelsang, W.J. (1992). The Rise and Organisation of the Achaemenid Empire: The Eastern Iranian Evidence. Studies in the History of the Ancient Near East 3. Leiden: Brill.
30 Wheeler, Sir M. (1962). Chārsada: A Metropolis of the North West Frontier. London: Oxford University Press.
31 Wilkinson, T.J., Boucharlat, R., Ertsen, M.W., et al. (2012). From human niche construction to imperial power: long‐term trends in ancient Iranian water systems. Water History, 4 (2), pp. 155–176.
FURTHER READING
1 Avanzini, A. (ed.) (2010). Eastern Arabia in the First Millennium BC. Arabia Antiqua 6. Archaeological Studies. Roma: “L’Erma” di Breitschneider. Contains several up‐to‐date papers on first millennium BCE archeology in southeastern Arabia.
2 Ball, W. (2019). Archaeeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan. Revised edition, Oxford : Oxford University Press.
3 Boucharlat, R. (2003). Water draining galleries in the Iron Age Oman Peninsula and the “Iranian qanat”. In D. Potts, H. Al Naboodah, and P. Hellyer (eds.), The Emirates in Antiquity: Proceedings of the 1st Conference on the Archaeology of the United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi, April 2001. London: Trident Press, pp. 162–172. Raises the issue of new irrigation techniques allowing the resettlement of the region in this period.
4 Callieri, P. (2004). s.v. India iii. Political and historical relations: Achaemenid period. Encyclopaedia Iranica, 13 (1), pp. 10–13; and more recently some pages in Henkelman, W.F.M. (2012). The Achaemenid heartland: an archaeological‐historical perspective. In D.T. Potts (ed.), A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 931–962. Provide a historical and archeological overview of the eastern satrapies.
5 Franke‐Vogt, U. (2001). The Southern Indus Valley during the later 2nd and 1st millennia B.C.: the Dark Age. In R. Eichmann, H. Parzinger (eds.), Migration und Kulturtransfer: Der Wandel vorder‐ und zentralasiatischer Kulturen im Umbruch vom 2. und 1. vorchristlichen Jahrtausend. Bonn: R. Habelt, pp. 247–303; Magee, P., Petrie, C. (2010). West of the Indus – East of the Empire: the archaeology of the pre‐Achaemenid and Achaemenid periods in Baluchistan and the North‐West Frontier Province, Pakistan. In J. Curtis, J. Simpson (eds.), The World of Achaemenid Persia, London: I.B. Tauris, pp. 502–522. Discuss archeological data in northwestern and western Pakistan, to the Indus river, particularly ceramic chronology.
6 Magee, P. (2005) The chronology and environmental background of Iron Age settlement in southeastern Iran and the question of the origin of the Qanat irrigation system. Iranica Antiqua, 40, pp. 217–231. Discusses the relationship of southeastern Arabia with southern Iran.
7 Vogelsang, W.J. (1992). The Rise and Organisation of the Achaemenid Empire: The Eastern Iranian Evidence. Leiden: Brill. Amongst the first attempts to deal with the Eastern provinces.
8 Wilkinson, T.J., Boucharlat, R., Ertsen, M.W., et al. (2012). From human niche construction to imperial power: long‐term trends in ancient Iranian water systems. Water History, 4 (2), pp. 155–176. Deals with irrigation techniques but more specifically with the underground water galleries in the regions corresponding to the southeast of the Achaemenid Empire.
NOTES
1 1 Dahaneh‐i Ghulaman in Sistan is a remarkable exception. See below.
2 2 On the other hand, Iron Age III installations, such as Pirak Level III in Pakistani Baluchistan and Nad‐i Ali, in southwestern Afghanistan (near Dahaneh‐i Ghulaman), are supposedly abandoned in the Achaemenid epoch (Franke‐Vogt 2001).
CHAPTER 25 The Median Dilemma
Robert Rollinger
It is no easy feat to correctly ascertain the role of the Medes in the historical and political development of the Ancient Near East. This is mostly due to two distinct problems, the first being a disparate and heterogeneous source tradition. Just as importantly, however, scholarly “tradition” has led to the calcification and entrenchment of certain ideas and preferences, as regards, for example, which source genres to use in trying to write Median history. At times, the salient issues are