Thermal Energy Storage Systems and Applications. Ibrahim Dincer

Thermal Energy Storage Systems and Applications - Ibrahim  Dincer


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Nu = 0.3 + [(0.62Re1/2Pr1/3)/(1 + (0.4/Pr)2/3)1/4][1 + (Re/28 200)5/8]4/5 for RePr>0.2 for average; TfmCorrelations for spheres in cross‐flow images for average; Ta; 3.5 < Re < 7.6 × 104; 1 < (μa/μs) < 3.2 • Correlation for falling drop Nu = 2 + 0.6Re1/2Pr1/3[25(x/D)−0.7] for average; Ta

      Φtemperature difference, °C or Kθangleβvolumetric coefficient of thermal expansion, 1/Kδincrement; differenceμdynamic viscosity, kg/ms; root of the characteristic equationρdensity, kg/m3νkinematic viscosity, m2/s∆thickness of the stagnant film of fluid on the surface, m∆Ttemperature difference, K; overall temperature difference, °C or KσStefan–Boltzmann constant, W/m2 K4; electrical conductivity, 1/ohmεsurface emissivity, eddy viscosityτshear stress, N/m2∑summationπnumber (=3.14159)

      1 1 Raznjevic, K. (1995). Handbook of Thermodynamic Tables, 2nd edition. New York: Begell House.

      2 2 Dincer, I. (2020). Thermodynamics: A Smart Approach. New York: Wiley.

      3 3 Moran, M.J. and Shapiro, H.N. (2007). Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, 6e. New York: Wiley.

      4 4 Szargut, J., Morris, D.R., and Steward, F.R. (1988). Exergy Analysis of Thermal, Chemical, and Metallurgical Processes. New York: Hemisphere.

      5 5 Dincer, I. (1997). Heat Transfer in Food Cooling Applications. Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis.

      6 6 Dincer, I. and Rosen, M.A. (2013). Energy: Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development. 2nd edition. New York: Elsevier.

      7 7 Dincer, I. (1998). Thermodynamics, exergy and environmental impact. Proceedings of the ISTP‐11, the 11th International Symposium on Transport Phenomena.

      8 8 Olson, R.M. and Wright, S.J. (1991). Essentials of Engineering Fluid Mechanics. New York: Harper & Row.

      9 9 Dincer, I. and Rosen, M.A. (1999). Energy, environment and sustainable development. Applied Energy 64: 427–440.

      Introduction, Thermodynamic Properties

      1 1.1 Why are SI units most widely used throughout the world?

      2 1.2 What is the difference between mass and weight?

      3 1.3 What is specific heat? Define two commonly used specific heats. Is specific heat a function of temperature?

      4 1.4 Explain the operating principle of thermocouples. List some typical applications for different types of thermocouples. What is the main advantage of thermocouples over other temperature sensors?

      5 1.5 Consider the flow of a refrigerant vapor through a compressor, which is operating at steady‐state conditions. Do mass flow rate and volume flow rate of the refrigerant across the compressor remain constant?

      6 1.6 Consider a refrigeration system consisting of a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser, and an expansion valve. Is it best to evaluate each component as a closed system or as a control volume, and as a steady‐flow system or unsteady‐flow system? Explain.

      7 1.7 What is the difference between an adiabatic system and an isolated system?

      8 1.8 Define intensive and extensive properties. Identify the following properties as intensive or extensive: mass, volume, density, specific volume, energy, specific enthalpy, total entropy, temperature, pressure.

      9 1.9 Define the terms system, process, and cycle.

      10 1.10 What is the difference between gauge pressure, absolute pressure, and vacuum? Define atmospheric pressure.

      11 1.11 What is


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