Fundamentals of Qualitative Phenomenological Nursing Research. Brigitte S. Cypress

Fundamentals of Qualitative Phenomenological Nursing Research - Brigitte S. Cypress


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target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="#u0978afb2-32a8-5350-8ee0-e6b87e7ccb6e">Chapter 2 discusses methods appropriate for conducting a qualitative phenomenological research study that evolves from philosophical, paradigmatic, inductive, and conceptual perspectives. It includes a discussion of the philosophers Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger, and Maurice Merleau‐Ponty, and offers phenomenological studies applying the methods of Merleau‐Ponty, Giorgi, and van Manen as exemplars.

      Chapter 3 discusses ethical issues, means and methods for collecting, recording, and securely storing data, approaches to data analysis, the organization, reading, and coding of themes, and the representation and interpretation of data. It looks at potential unanticipated issues in each of these areas, and offers appropriate solutions.

      Chapter 4 examines the role of computer‐assisted qualitative data analysis software, focusing on the methodological issues surrounding program use. It offers a brief review of two very common and widely used qualitative data analysis software packages.

      Chapter 5 deals with the concept of rigor in qualitative research, using a phenomenological study as an exemplar. Elaborating on epistemological and theoretical conceptualizations, it makes recommendations for the renewed use of the concepts of reliability and validity in qualitative research.

      Chapter 6 looks at the importance of writing in phenomenological research, including ethical considerations, approaches, techniques, and structures.

      Chapter 7 describes approaches to publishing qualitative phenomenological findings, including finding the right journal, understanding publishing contracts, working with editors, navigating the peer‐review and production processes, writing and revising manuscripts, understanding modes of publishing, and marketing one's work.

      Chapter 8 illuminates the challenges and dilemmas of a phenomenological inquiry. It makes recommendations and offers approaches in order to better address these issues.

      Chapter 10 describes the utility of qualitative research findings and their linkage to outcomes – specifically, to evidence‐based practice (EBP), policy, theory, and theory development. It presents two exemplar evidence‐based reviews using “meaning questions,” and addresses approaches to policy, theory, and theory development using exemplars from research investigations and my own metasynthesis study of family presence.

      Ultimately, no book is perfect, but as an author, researcher, and phenomenologist, I aim that the text will afford some clarity and help to all investigators of qualitative phenomenological inquiry.

      I

      Framing Qualitative Phenomenological Research

       Chapter 1: The “What,” “Why,” “Who,” and “How” of Qualitative Research: A Snapshot

       Chapter 2: Exploring the Philosophical, Paradigmatic, and Conceptual Underpinnings of Qualitative Phenomenological Research

      Qualitative research methods began to appear in nursing in the 1960s and 1970s, to cautious and reluctant acceptance. In the 1980s, qualitative health research emerged as a distinctive domain and mode of inquiry (Sandelowski 2003). “Qualitative research” refers to any kind of research that produces findings not arrived at by means of statistical analysis or other means of quantification (Borbasi and Jackson 2012; Strauss and Corbin 1990). It uses a naturalistic approach that seeks to understand phenomena related to persons' lives, stories, and behaviors, including those related to health, organizational functioning, social movements, and interactional relationships. It is underpinned by several theoretical perspectives, namely constructivist‐interpretive, critical, post‐positivist, post‐structural/post‐modern, and feminist (Ingham‐Broomfield 2015). One conducts a qualitative study to uncover the nature of a person's experiences with a phenomenon in context‐specific conditions such as illness (acute and chronic), addiction, loss, disability, and end‐of‐life (EOL ). Qualitative research is used to explore, uncover, describe, and understand what lies behind a given phenomenon, about which little may be known. This deeper understanding can only be attained through a qualitative inquiry, and not through mere numbers or statistical models. Qualitative inquiry represents a legitimate mode of social and human science exploration, without apology and without comparison to quantitative research (Creswell 2007).

      Morse (2012) asserts that there are other reasons for conducting a qualitative inquiry. Other writers believe that the role of qualitative inquiry is to provide hypotheses and research questions based on the findings of qualitative studies. Qualitative research can serve as a foundation from which to develop surveys and questionnaires, thus producing models for quantitative testing. But what is really the most important function of qualitative inquiry? According to Morse (2012), it is the moral imperative of qualitative inquiry to humanize health care. She states: “The social justice agenda of qualitative health research is one that humanizes


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