Urban Remote Sensing. Группа авторов

Urban Remote Sensing - Группа авторов


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limit (such as small wooden houses in residential areas) or the high end (such as steel skyscrapers in city centers). This implies that DSM can be used to estimate building volume density (i.e. the total build volume per pixel or per unit area) regardless of building size or type, or whether the total building volume consists of many small buildings or a few large buildings. Thereby, the DSM provides a simple approach applicable to various urban classes having different structural patterns without many confounding factors.

Photos depict city and data extents along with raw and processed data and polynomial trend visualizations for Tulsa, Oklahoma for 2008: (a) reference map, (b) 1 m lidar first-return DHM, (c) 1 km radar DSM, (d) 1 km aggregated lidar data (buildings only), (e) radar trend surface, and (f) lidar trend surface. Photos depict city and data extents along with raw and processed data and polynomial trend visualizations for San Antonio, Texas, for 2003: (a) reference map, (b) 1 m lidar last-return DHM, (c) 1 km radar DSM, (d) 1 km aggregated lidar data (buildings only), (e) radar trend surface, and (f) lidar trend surface.

      2.4.2.2 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)

      While DSM results are applicable to numerous urban issues at the scale of 1 km, other studies require higher spatial resolution in the range of 10–100 m to identify and delineate local features such as detection of buildings along roadsides, in small villages, and on small islands. In this regard, X‐band SAR data such as the current CSK, TerraSAR‐X (TSX) and TDX, and the future LOTUSat‐1 (LS1) and LOTUSat‐2 (LS2) platforms will serve to increase spatial and temporal resolutions of the data with more frequent observations when multiple SAR datasets are used synergistically.

      Here, we describe our theoretical approach for remote sensing of 3D urban building volume using satellite SAR data. The advancement here is that this new method can overcome and thus circumvent the limitation of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to determine building height as InSAR suffers from the overlay problem because buildings are typically constructed vertically (90° slope).

Schematic illustration of geometry of incidence and scattered fields.

      In the urban environment, radar backscatter is dependent on human‐made structures (e.g. strong backscatter for more


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