Materials for Biomedical Engineering. Mohamed N. Rahaman

Materials for Biomedical Engineering

form of porous solids prepared by...Figure 25.9 SEM images of (a) bioactive glass (13–93) scaffold prepared by a...Figure 25.10 Schematic diagram illustrating the unidirectional freezing of s...Figure 25.11 Three‐dimensional micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) images o...Figure 25.12 (a) Schematic illustration of the basic setup for electrospinni...Figure 25.13 Modifications of the basic electrospinning technique to produce...Figure 25.14 Illustration of basic approach to additive manufacturing (3D pr...Figure 25.15 Schematic illustration of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) t...Figure 25.16 Schematic illustration of the selective laser sintering (SLS) t...Figure 25.17 (a) Schematic illustration of the stereolithography technique; ...Figure 25.18 (a) Schematic of a two‐nozzle delivery system in a robocasting ...Figure 25.19 Schematic illustration of droplet formation in drop‐on‐demand i...Figure 25.20 Chart showing the region of fluid properties where inkjet dropl...Figure 25.21 Illustration of two approaches for the creation of cell‐contain...Figure 25.22 (a) Schematic illustration of a 3D bioprinting method to create...Figure 25.23 Vascularization of endothelial cell (EC)‐containing printed tis...Figure 25.24 Bone formation in amniotic fluid stem cell (AFSC)‐containing pr...Figure 25.25 Schematic illustration of microextrusion‐based three‐dimensiona...Figure 25.26 (a) Example of the structure of a gelatin‐methacrylic anhydride...Figure 25.27 Bioprinting of aortic valve conduit using microextrusion techni...Figure 25.28 Illustration showing the combined properties of collagens and a...Figure 25.29 (Top): Schematic illustration of technique used to create multi...Figure 25.30 (a) Schematic illustration of the cross section of an osteochon...Figure 25.31 India ink staining of (a) as‐fabricated scaffold, scaffold with...Figure 25.32 (a) Number of chondrocytes in cartilage layer, matrix density, ...Figure 25.33 The hierarchical architecture of tendon. Collagen triple‐helice...Figure 25.34 Histology (hematoxylin and eosin stained sections) of (a) neote...Figure 25.35 Schematic illustration of steps in tissue engineering for the c...Figure 25.36 Illustration of layers in human bladder tissue.Figure 25.37 Construction of engineered bladder tissue. (a) Scaffold seeded ...Figure 25.38 Morphological analysis of implanted engineered bladder. (a–c) C...

26 Chapter 26Figure 26.1 Schematic illustration of drug concentration in plasma as a func...Figure 26.2 Mechanisms of drug release from solid polymeric systems: (a) dif...Figure 26.3 (a) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of nearly monodispe...Figure 26.4 Chart showing steps in the oil‐in‐water (O/W) technique for prep...Figure 26.5 (a, b) Proposed structure of supramolecular hydrogel network com...Figure 26.6 Schematic representation of depot drug delivery system composed ...Figure 26.7 Tumor volume versus treatment time for tumors created by subcuta...Figure 26.8 Schematic illustration comparing drug concentration in plasma as...Figure 26.9 Illustration of ultrasound‐mediated drug delivery. (a) Ultrasoun...Figure 26.10 (a) Growth curves for human MDA‐MB‐231 breast tumors in mice. T...Figure 26.11 Illustration of magnetic field‐mediated drug delivery. Hydrogel...Figure 26.12 (a) Stress versus strain curves for nanoporous ferrogel and mac...Figure 26.13 Cumulative release profiles of mitoxantrone from macroporous fe...Figure 26.14 Illustration of the basic constituents of nanoparticle‐based dr...Figure 26.15 (a) Passive targeting of nanocarriers: (1) Nanocarriers reach t...Figure 26.16 Receptor‐mediated endocytosis of folate‐conjugated drugs. The f...Figure 26.17 Development of prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA)‐target...Figure 26.18 Effect of aptamer (Apt) surface density on nanoparticle (NP) di...Figure 26.19 (a) Chemical structure showing basic parts of a lipid, shown fo...Figure 26.20 Illustration of liposome‐like structures: conventional (classic...Figure 26.21 (a) Schematic illustration of the preparation of lipid‐polymer ...Figure 26.22 Illustration of (top) building blocks and (bottom) cross sectio...Figure 26.23 Description of the shape formed by amphiphilic block copolymer ...Figure 26.24 Illustration of drug release from (a) pH responsive polymersome...Figure 26.25 Drug incorporation, release and antitumor activity of polymerso...Figure 26.26 Schematic illustration comparing the structure of (a) micelle f...Figure 26.27 (a) Schematic illustration of the structure of micelle formed f...Figure 26.28 Schematic illustrations of some types of polymer conjugates.Figure 26.29 Structure of an N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copol...Figure 26.30 Schematic illustration of two types of dendrimer‐based drug del...Figure 26.31 Structure of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers synthesized from...Figure 26.32 RNA interference. Long dsRNA introduced into the cytoplasm is p...Figure 26.33 Common modifications of the siRNA structure. (a) Modifications ...Figure 26.34 Lipid structures and shapes. (a) Ionizable lipids are composed ...Figure 26.35 Formulation of lipid nanoparticles for the delivery of mRNA or ...Figure 26.36 (a) Composition of a water‐soluble cyclodextrin‐based polymer s...Figure 26.37 Illustration of endosomal pathway for the generation of exosome...Figure 26.38 In vivo delivery of siRNA by exosomes targeted to the brain of ...