Corrosion Policy Decision Making. Группа авторов

Corrosion Policy Decision Making

schematic presentation of I/O model, where the output...Figure 3.15 Components of an unsuitable workplace.Figure 3.16 An example of a 115 month CKM scheme. This scheme is arbitrary a...Figure 3.17 General schematic of a fire water ring as the corrosion system a...Figure 3.18 Overall view of management of corrosion defined as per smart cor...Figure 3.19 History of corrosion damage.

4 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Illustration of the limitations for presenting industrial cases....Figure 5.2 The schematic of different operational processing units in a typi...Figure 5.3 A schematic for the feeding of various chemicals into the utility...Figure 5.4 Illustrating all process additive related details at different se...Figure 5.5 Illustration of path event due to lack of generated steam influen...Figure 5.6 How to deal with off‐spec products based on design in a typical g...Figure 5.7 Schematic for off‐spec condensate (oily polluted) and its dumping...Figure 5.8 Trends of laboratory results due to entry of non‐volatile organic...Figure 5.9 Internal surface of a tube in a gas heater; corrosion products an...Figure 5.10 Event schematic, sample points, and related analyzes.Figure 5.11 Relationship between various impacts for consumption of chemical...Figure 5.12 The schematic for influent streams and OWTP.Figure 5.13 Gas condensate stabilization unit with off‐spec tank.Figure 5.14 Acid corrosion at top of stabilization column (vapor outlet pipi...Figure 5.15 Presentation of overdosing of a reverse demulsifier chemical int...Figure 5.16 Free‐oil layer on clarifier next to a BIOX filter (BIOX filter w...Figure 5.17 A corrosion coupon placed under oil layer in OWIS with occurred ...Figure 5.18 Location of OWTP, off‐spec condensate tank, and an installed che...Figure 5.19 Marine animal growth in a MED–TVC.Figure 5.20 Seawater intake facilities and gas plant's utilities, chemical f...Figure 5.21 Seawater desalination package, its quality control logic and dum...Figure 5.22 Underdeposit corrosion in a water tube utility boiler.Figure 5.23 Seawater desalination, desalinated water distribution, steam gen...Figure 5.24 A corroded metal pipe in desalinated water distribution system....Figure 5.25 Daily monitoring of LSI, AI, and residual chlorine in two identi...Figure 5.26 A completely clogged nozzle of calcium chloride feed prior to dr...Figure 5.27 Laboratory results for boiler D in steam‐generating unit.Figure 5.28 Trends of pH in five operating boilers.Figure 5.29 Specific conductivity trend for BW in boiler D.Figure 5.30 Seawater desalination unit, its related sample points, and chemi...Figure 5.31 Classification the impacts of chemical corrosions and impacts of...Figure 5.32 A framework for EMPA.Figure 5.33 Two corrosion coupons in same location of a sour water transferr...Figure 5.34 A standard corrosion coupon in firewater system in low pH condit...Figure 5.35 Biological growth on both sides of the cylinder (corrosion coupo...Figure 5.36 Corrosion monitoring coupon in the firewater system before and a...Figure 5.37 Corrosion monitoring coupon in the firewater system. There were ...Figure 5.38 A standard coupon in glass holder (top left) and removed from th...Figure 5.39 Improper storage of calcium chloride in an open warehouse at a t...Figure 5.40 All steps in consumption of a chemical in a processing site.Figure 5.41 A corroded plug of seawater feed valve to series of heat exchang...Figure 5.42 Precipitation on a tube bundle of a kettle type reboiler in a so...Figure 5.43 Same bundle after cleaning (localized corrosion, pits, are clear...Figure 5.44 A liquid chemical feed package and its minimum requirement.Figure 5.45 Two algorithms of feeding a chemical into a process stream.Figure 5.46 Calibration graphs; (a) variable speed and variable stroke feed ...

5 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Basic structure of TRIZ.Figure 6.2 Tool, Method, & Philosophical Levels of Systematic Innovation.Figure 6.3 Reducing the contradiction.Figure 6.4 General procedure for inventive design with TRIZ.Figure 6.5 Process of concept development using TRIZ.Figure 6.6 Altshuller's contradiction matrix.Figure 6.7 The Four‐Box Scheme of Problem Solving Supported by Knowledge Bas...Figure 6.8 A portion of the contradiction matrix.Figure 6.9 Four major “Systematic Creativity” steps.Figure 6.10 Example; Water faucets.Figure 6.11 Example: Hot and cold water handles.Figure 6.12 Example; Motorcycle chain.Figure 6.13 Example; The Crayola kids crayons.Figure 6.14 Moving from corrosion problem to IFR.Figure 6.15 The fundamental dynamic of system evolution.Figure 6.16 Nine windows matrix.Figure 6.17 Hierarchy of trends.Figure 6.18 Trend of increasing value and s‐curve evolution.Figure 6.19 “Substance and Object Segmentation” trend.Figure 6.20 “Substance and Object Segmentation” trend example for measuremen...Figure 6.21 “Geometric Evolution of Linear Constructions” trend.Figure 6.22 Example for straws' geometric evolution of linear constructions'...Figure 6.23 Mono‐Bi‐Poly trend.Figure 6.24 Mono‐Bi‐Poly trend for knife.Figure 6.25 Mono‐Bi‐Poly trend for wrenches.Figure 6.26 Trimming and system development.Figure 6.27 Models of the simplest useful system.Figure 6.28 Models of an incomplete useful system.Figure 6.29 Model of the simplest system having a harmful action.Figure 6.30 Model of a useful function.Figure 6.31 Model of a harmful function.Figure 6.32 Model of a conflict.Figure 6.33 The TRIZ approach to overcome the psychological inertia in desig...Figure 6.34 STC is a three‐dimensional thinking between 0 and ∞.

6 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 A leaking underground oil pipeline [7].Figure 7.2 A flow chart to determine the responsibility domain of parties in...Figure 7.3 Competing trends between energies from fossil fuel sources in com...Figure 7.4 Damaged concrete, probably the corrosive impact of chlorides comi...Figure 7.5 A Pourbaix diagram for iron–water system with the presence of chl...Figure 7.6 Conceptualization of the fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in a grou...Figure 7.7 Toxicity anatomy of corrosion effects.Figure 7.8 A suggested model to apply Rule 365 to deal with corrosion effect...