Эпоха надзорного капитализма. Битва за человеческое будущее на новых рубежах власти. Шошана Зубофф
группой экспертов при президенте в 2013 г., описывает переданные разведке полномочия, которые сделали это возможным: «Нападения 11 сентября наглядно продемонстрировали потребность в подробной информации о деятельности потенциальных террористов <…> часть информации, которая могла оказаться полезной, не была собрана, а другая часть, которая могла бы помочь предотвратить нападения, не была передана другим ведомствам <…> Было ясно одно: если правительство будет проявлять чрезмерную осторожность в своих усилиях по выявлению и предотвращению террористических нападений, последствия для страны могут оказаться катастрофическими».
283
Hoofnagle, Federal Trade Commission, 158.
284
См.: Andrea Peterson, “Former NSA and CIA Director Says Terrorists Love Using Gmail,” Washington Post, September 15, 2013, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2013/09/15/former-nsa-and-cia-director-says-terrorists-love-using-gmail.
285
Marc Rotenberg, “Security and Liberty: Protecting Privacy, Preventing Terrorism,” testimony before the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, 2003.
286
Swire, “The Second Wave,” 846.
287
Hoofnagle, Federal Trade Commission, Chapter 6.
288
Lyon, Surveillance After September 11, 15.
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Richard Herbert Howe, “Max Weber’s Elective Affinities: Sociology Within the Bounds of Pure Reason,” American Journal of Sociology 84, no. 2 (1978): 366–385.
290
См.: Joe Feuerherd, “‘Total Information Awareness’ Imperils Civil Rights, Critics Say,” National Catholic Reporter, November 29, 2002, http://natcath.org/NCR_Online/archives2/2002d/112902/112902d.htm.
291
См.: Matt Marshall, “Spying on Startups,” Mercury News, November 17, 2002.
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Marshall, “Spying on Startups”.
293
Mark Williams Pontin, “The Total Information Awareness Project Lives On,” MIT Technology Review, April 26, 2006, https://www.technologyreview.com/s/405707/the-total-information-awareness-project-lives-on.
294
John Markoff, “Taking Spying to Higher Level, Agencies Look for More Ways to Mine Data,” New York Times, February 25, 2006, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/25/technology/25data.html.
295
Inside Google, “Lost in the Cloud: Google and the US Government,” Consumer Watchdog, January 2011, insidegoogle.com/wpcontent/uploads/2011/01/GOOGGovfinal012411.pdf.
296
Nafeez Ahmed, “How the CIA Made Google,” Medium (blog), January 22, 2015, https://medium.com/insurge-intelligence/how-the-cia-made-google-e836451a959e.
297
Verne Kopytoff, “Google Has Lots to Do with Intelligence,” SFGate, March 30, 2008, http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Google-has-lots-to-do-with-intelligence-3221500.php.
298
Noah Shachtman, “Exclusive: Google, CIA Invest in ‘Future’ of Web Monitoring,” Wired, July 28, 2010, http://www.wired.com/2010/07/exclusive-google-cia.
299
Ryan Gallagher, “The Surveillance Engine: How the NSA Built Its Own Secret Google,” Intercept (blog), August 25, 2014, https://firstlook.org/theintercept/ 2014/08/25/icreach-nsa-cia-secret-google-crisscross-proton.
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Robyn Winder and Charlie Speight, “Untangling the Web: An Introduction to Internet Research,” National Security Agency Center for Digital Content, March 2013, http://www.governmentattic.org/8docs/UntanglingTheWeb-NSA_2007.pdf.
301
Richard O’Neill, Seminar on Intelligence, Command, and Control (Cambridge, MA: Highlands Forums Press, 2001), http://www.pirp.harvard.edu/pubs_pdf/o’neill/o’neill-i01-3.pdf; Richard P. O’Neill, “The Highlands Forum Process,” interview by Oettinger, April 5, 2001.
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Mary Anne Franks, “Democratic Surveillance” (SSRN Scholarly Paper, Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network, November 2, 2016), https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2863343.
303
Ahmed, “How the CIA Made Google”.
304
Stephanie A. DeVos, “The Google-NSA Alliance: Developing Cybersecurity Policy at Internet Speed,” Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal 21, no. 1 (2011): 173–227.
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Избирательное сродство, связывающее деятельность правительства с Google и более широким коммерческим надзорным проектом, стало очевидным в течение десятилетия, последовавшего за 11 сентября, когда АНБ старалось уподобиться Google, анализируя и интегрируя возможности Google в различных областях. Более подробные размышления об этом см. в: “Lost in the Cloud: Google and the US Government,” Inside Google, January 2011, insidegoogle.com/wpcontent/uploads/2011/01/GOOGGovfinal012411.pdf; Ahmed, “How the CIA Made Google”; Verne Kopytoff, “Google Has Lots to Do with Intelligence,” SFGate, March 30, 2008, http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Google-has-lots-to-do-with-intelligence-3221500.php; “Google Acquires Keyhole Corp—News Announcements,” Google Press, October 27, 2004, http://googlepress.blogspot.com/2004/10/google-acquires-keyhole-corp.html; Josh G. Lerner et al., “In-Q-Tel: Case 804–146,” Harvard Business School Publishing,