Practical Cardiovascular Medicine. Elias B. Hanna
Diagnosis of PAD IV. Medical therapy of PAD V. Revascularization for PAD VI. Notes on the technical aspects of surgical and percutaneous therapies VII. Management of acute limb ischemia VIII. Management of lower extremity ulcers (Table 19.6) 2. CAROTID DISEASE I. Assessment of carotid stenosis II. Medical therapy of carotid stenosis III. Revascularization of asymptomatic carotid stenosis IV. Revascularization of symptomatic carotid stenosis V. Main risks of CEA and carotid stenting VI. CEA versus carotid stenting VII. Carotid disease in a patient undergoing CABG VIII. Subtotal and total carotid occlusions 3. RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS I. Forms of renal artery stenosis II. Screening and indications to revascularize renal artery stenosis III. Notes QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS References 20 Aortic Diseases I. Aortic dissection II. Thoracic aortic aneurysm III. Abdominal aortic aneurysm References
16
Part 9: OTHER CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE STATES
21 Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Vein Thrombosis
1. PULMONARY EMBOLISM
I. Presentation of pulmonary embolism (PE) and risk factors
II. Probability of PE
III. Initial workup
IV. Specific PE workup
V. Submassive or intermediate-high risk PE, pulmonary hypertension, and thrombolysis
VI. PE and chronic pulmonary hypertension
VII. Acute treatment of PE
VIII. Duration of anticoagulation
IX. Thrombophilias
X. PE prognosis and long-term follow-up
2. DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS
I. Types
II. Diagnosis
III. Treatment
3. IMMUNE HEPARIN-INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA
I. Incidence
II. Diagnosis
III. Treatment
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
References
22 Shock and Fluid Responsiveness
1. SHOCK
I. Shock definition and mechanisms
II. Goals of shock treatment
III. Immediate management of any shock
IV. Sepsis and septic shock
V. Cardiogenic shock
2. FLUID RESPONSIVENESS
Appendix. Hemodynamic equations, transfusion, and miscellaneous concepts
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
References
Note
23 Hypertension
1. HYPERTENSION
I. Definition
II. ACC and ESC targets of therapy and rationale
III. Treatment of hypertension: timing, first-line drugs, compelling indications for specific drugs
IV. Resistant hypertension
V. Secondary hypertension
VI. Peripheral vs. central aortic pressure: therapeutic implications
VII. First-line antihypertensive drugs
VIII. Second-line antihypertensive drugs
IX. Orthostatic hypotension and extremely labile HTN
2. ACUTE SEVERE HYPERTENSION: HYPERTENSIVE EMERGENCIES AND URGENCIES
I. Definitions
II. Treatment of hypertensive emergencies
III. Treatment of hypertensive urgencies
IV. Specific situations (see Table 23.5)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
References
24 Dyslipidemia
I.