Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis for Pharmacology and the Biomedical Sciences. Paul J. Mitchell
This edition first published 2022 © 2022 John Wiley and Sons Ltd
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
The right of Paul J. Mitchell to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with law.
Registered Offices John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK
Editorial Office 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK
For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print‐on‐demand. Some content that appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty
The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting scientific method, diagnosis, or treatment by physicians for any particular patient. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Names: Mitchell, Paul J. (Senior lecturer and Associate Professor in pharmacology) author.
Title: Experimental design and statistical analysis for pharmacology and the biomedical sciences / Paul J. Mitchell.
Description: Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2022. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2021034578 (print) | LCCN 2021034579 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119437635 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119437673 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119437666 (epub)
Subjects: MESH: Research Design | Pharmacology | Data Interpretation, Statistical
Classification: LCC RM301.12 (print) | LCC RM301.12 (ebook) | NLM QV 20.5 | DDC 615.1--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021034578 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021034579
Cover design: Wiley
Cover image: © RomanOkopny/Getty Images
This book is dedicated to my parents Alec and Jean, long gone but never, ever, forgotten, and to my wife, Angela, and our children Matthew and Samantha of whom I am immensely proud.
Biography
Dr Paul J Mitchell is a Senior Lecturer and an Associate Professor in the Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, United Kingdom, and Adjunct Lecturer in the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, Ireland.
His career in pharmacology started in 1975 when he joined the cardiovascular group led by Dr Bob Poyser at Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Harlow, United Kingdom. After five years, during which he also graduated with an Upper Second BSc in Applied Biology (Pharmacology) from North East London Polytechnic under Prof Geof B West, he transferred to the CNS disorders group led by Dr Mike Clarke. Dr Mitchell left Beecham in 1985 to start post‐graduate studies with Dr (now emeritus Prof) Peter Redfern in the School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, United Kingdom. After successfully defending his PhD thesis on the Effect of Antidepressant Treatment on Social Behaviour and Circadian Rhythms of Locomotor Activity in the Rat in 1989, he joined the research laboratories of Wyeth‐Ayerst, Taplow, principally to examine the potential antidepressant activity of novel psychotropic compounds in the rodent models of social behaviour that were developed during his postgraduate studies. The results of these behavioural studies were pivotal in the company's decision to fully develop venlafaxine (known in‐house as Wy 45030) to the clinic. Subsequently, Dr Mitchell became heavily involved in the further pre‐clinical development of venlafaxine (Effexor®, Efexor®), the world's first SNRI antidepressant drug, which was approved by the U.S.FDA in 1993 and by the MHRA in the United Kingdom in 1994.
In 1995, Dr Mitchell returned to the University of Bath to set up his own lab to continue examining the effect of antidepressant drugs on rodent social behaviour (Resident‐Intruder test and Social Hierarchy model of social behaviour), while working very closely with the pharmaceutical industry (principally colleagues at Wyeth‐Ayerst in the USA, Lundbeck in Denmark, and Organon in the United Kingdom).
Over the last 25 years, Dr Mitchell has collaborated with colleagues at the University of Bath and NUIGalway to develop a coherent strategy to teach experimental design and statistical analysis to undergraduate and postgraduate students across subject areas in the Life and Biomedical sciences.
Dr Mitchell has been a member of the British Pharmacological Society since 1985. He is currently working closely with the society on a residential training workshop on the topic of this book covering the principles of robust, rigorous, experimental design, and statistical analysis. This course is ideal for early career researchers working in drug discovery or academia.
Acknowledgements
Homo Sapiens – Part 1
Looking back over copious notes and draft versions of this book, I've come to realise that this project has taken me far longer than my initial 12‐month plan envisaged. But let me take you back to the beginning of the 2016–2017 academic year when I confronted a group of pharmacology undergraduate students who had just returned from a year's placement and were about to embark on the final year of their degree