A Companion to American Poetry. Группа авторов

A Companion to American Poetry - Группа авторов


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settlers had been removing native peoples from their lands in California for some time, the 1849 Gold Rush would inaugurate a chaotic program of removal, enslavement, and murder that would reduce the native population of the area from approximately 150,000 in 1848 to roughly 30,000 by 1870. For more information see Benjamin Madley’s An American Genocide: The United States and the California Indian Catastrophe, 1846–1873 (2016).

      REFERENCES

      1 Cherokee Sovereignty. (1830). The American Monthly Magazine 2 (2): 77–102.

      2 Dippie, B. (1991). The Vanishing American: White Attitudes and U.S. Indian Policy. Topeka: U Kansas P.

      3 Folsom. Ed. (1994). Walt Whitman’s Native Representations. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

      4 Gruesz, K.S. (2002). Ambassadors of Culture: The Transamerican Origins of Latino Writing. Princeton: Princeton UP.

      5 The Last of The Incas. (1826). Boston Monthly Magazine 1 (9): 458–466.

      6 Mielke, L. (2008). Moving Encounters: Sympathy and the Indian Question in Antebellum Literature. Amherst: U Massachusetts P.

      7 Murphy, G. (2004). Hemispheric Imaginings: The Monroe Doctrine and Narratives of U.S. Empire. Durham: Duke UP.

      8 O’Brien, J.M. (2010). Firsting and Lasting: Writing Indians Out of Existence in New England. Minneapolis: U Minnesota P.

      9 Robertson. (1827). The Peruvian Inca. The Friend of Peace 4 (11): 344.

      10 REVIEWS. (1840). The Western Journal of Medicine and Surgery (1 August). 105–131.

      11 Scheckel, S. (1998). The Insistence of the Indian: Race and Nationalism in Nineteenth Century American Culture. Princeton: Princeton UP.

      12 Trismegist. (1850). The Miner’s Dream. Family Favorite and Temperance Journal 1 (5): 107.

      13 Traubel, H. (1961). With Walt Whitman in Camden V.1. New York: Rowman and Littlefield.

      14 Wertheimer, E. (1999). Imagined Empires: Incas, Aztecs, and the New World of American Literature, 1771–1876. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

      15 Whitman, W. (1840). The Inca’s Daughter. The Walt Whitman Archive. https://whitmanarchive.org/published/periodical/poems/per.00035 (accessed 25 September 2016).

       Lauri ScheyerHunan Normal University

      The mysterious and compelling lyrics created by enslaved African Americans are an abiding and unique contribution to the national and global songbook, and central to the body of national and world literature that uses poems as instruments of protest and political action. These poems of diasporic origins likely dating to the seventeenth century are omnipresent in American society, and in many world cultures, especially in the postbellum, modern, and postmodern periods. Yet their provenance has been largely overlooked, and they have been afforded scant sophisticated analysis as lyric poetry. The tremendous originality of the slave songs and their operations as instruments of avant-garde practices have been especially ignored. They have played a dynamic yet often underappreciated role, particularly for their extraordinary inventiveness, in imaginatively inspiring some of the most formally and conceptually innovative poetic products in the twentieth and twenty-first century.


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