31-й – 40-й тесты. Английский язык. ЕГЭ, 2023. На базе материалов ФИПИ. Игорь Евтишенков
more carefully chosen ingredients.
C. Many seaside towns have shellfish stalls located at the beach. Traditionally these sell snack-sized pots of cockles, mussels, jellied eels, shell-on or peeled prawns, crab meat and oysters. The shellfish are served cold and the customer adds condiments to taste. Shellfish is best eaten as fresh as possible, and certainly on the day of purchase. Some shellfish such as squid, octopus and prawns can be frozen successfully; others such as mussels, oysters and clams need to be live when cooked.
D. Most large supermarkets in England will stock at least a dozen types of English sausage. English sausages are colloquially known as «bangers». They are distinctive in that they are usually made from fresh meats and rarely smoked, dried, or strongly flavoured. Following the post World War II period, sausages tended to contain low-quality meat and fat. However, there has been a backlash in recent years, with most butchers and supermarkets now selling premium varieties. Pork and beef are by far the most common bases, although gourmet varieties may contain venison or wild boar.
E. In the 1950s some British pubs would offer «a pie and a pint», with hot individual steak and ale pies made easily on the premises by the landlord’s wife. In the 1960s and 1970s this developed into the then-fashionable «chicken in a basket», a portion of roast chicken with chips, served on a napkin, in a wicker basket. Since then «pub grub» has expanded to include British food items such as shepherd’s pie, fish and chips, bangers and mash, Sunday roast, ploughman’s lunch, and pasties. Food has become more important in a pub’s trade, and today most pubs serve lunches and dinners at the table in addition to snacks consumed at the bar.
F. English sandwiches are made with two slices of bread, or some kind of roll. Common types of sandwich are roast beef, chicken salad, ham and mustard, cheese and pickle, egg mayonnaise, prawn mayonnaise, tuna, marmite and jam. A dainty form of sandwich, cut into small squares, without crusts, and often filled with cucumber, is served at genteel gatherings, such as Royal Garden parties. England can claim to have given the world the word «sandwich», although John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, was not the first to add a filling to bread.
G. In the USA, a 2pudding» is a creamy, dairy dessert, traditionally made with sugar and a couple of other ingredients. It really means nothing else. But the British seem to call a lot of other things «pudding». 2Apple pudding» traditionally has a layer of apple covered with a cake topping or a suet pastry, which looks just like apple pie. «Yorkshire pudding» includes chicken, pork or beef cooked in a crispy outer-batter. «Black pudding» is a kind of thick dark sausage made from animal blood and fat. What makes this a «pudding»?
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11. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A—F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
Ancient Rome
The founding of Rome goes back to the very early days of civilization. It is so old that today it is known as «the eternal city». The Romans thought that their city was founded in the year 753 BC. Modern historians, however, believe it was the year 625 BC.
Early Rome was governed by kings, ___ (A), the Romans took power over their own city and ruled themselves. They had a council known as the «senate», ___ (B). From this point on one speaks of the «Roman Republic».
The word «Republic» itself comes from the Latin words «res publica», which mean «public matters». The senate appointed a consul, ___ (C), but only for one year. This was a wise idea, as the consul ruled carefully and not as a tyrant, for he knew that otherwise he could be punished by the next consul, once his year was up.
The Roman Republic was a very successful government. It lasted from 510 BC until 23 BC – almost 500 years. In comparison the United States of America only exist since 1776 – less than 250 years.
The greatest challenge the Roman Republic faced was that of the Carthaginians. Carthage was a very powerful city in North Africa, ___ (D). The fight between the two sides was a long one and took place on land and on sea.
The most famous incident came when the great Carthaginian general Hannibal crossed the mountain chain of the Alps to the north of Italy with all his troops and invaded Italy. However, Rome finally won and Carthage was completely destroyed in the year 146 BC.
Rome’s most famous citizen was no doubt Julius Caesar. He was a Roman politician and general ___ (E). In the year 49 BC Caesar crossed the small river between his province and Italy, called the river Rubicon, and conquered Rome. His military campaigns also took him to Egypt, ___ (F). His life ended abruptly as he was infamously murdered in the senate in Rome.
So famous and respected was Caesar that a month of the year is still named after him today. Also, the great English poet William Shakespeare wrote a famous play called Julius Caesar about his famous murder.
1. who ruled Rome like a king
2. but after only seven of them had ruled
3. where he met the famous Cleopatra
4. which controlled its own empire
5. which he then ruled as a dictator
6. which ruled over them
7. who conquered the vast territory in France
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Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Stories and Legends
The county of Antrim is not only one of the most picturesque, but most prosperous in all Ireland. It is also remarkable for being entirely surrounded by water by the ocean, Lough Neagh, and the rivers Bann and Lagan. In this county, vast quantities of flax are raised and manufactured into linen – chiefly at Belfast, the most important commercial town in the north of Ireland.
Belfast is particularly dear to me as a place where I spent many pleasant days with some warm-hearted Irish friends. In sight of this town there is a large hill, which is remarkable for presenting, at a particular point of view, a most gigantic likeness to the first Napoleon. Certain swells and ledges of the summit form the great profile very distinctly. He seems to be lying on his back, asleep, or in a meditative mood, and the face has such a dejected, melancholy look that one might suppose the likeness had been taken when the Emperor was a prisoner at St. Helena. There was one of the Bonapartes at Belfast, at the time I was there attending the meeting of the British Association, a celebrated scientific society. This was Lucien, a grand-nephew of the Emperor. He recognized the likeness in the great rocky profile, when it was pointed out to him, and professed to be a good deal affected by it.
Near Belfast there is also a famous «Druidical circle», or a large amphitheatre, enclosed by high mounds of earth, where the ancient Druids used to meet for their heathen worship. As we stood in that great circle, beside a rude altar of stones, it made us shudder to think that hundreds of human beings had probably been cruelly sacrificed there as offerings to the gods of the Druids. What a happy, blessed thing it is to know that such dreadful crimes