Чужие решения. Послать или прогнуться. Тодд Роуз
Кристиан Андерсен «Новое платье короля».
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Populace and Gallup, “The Success Index,” Populace.org, 2019, https://static1.squarespace.com/static/59153bc0e6f2e109b2a85cbc/t/5d939cc86670c5214abe4b50/1569955251457/Populace+Success+Index.pdf.
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Например, Douglas J. Ahler and Gaurav Sood, “The Parties in Our Heads: Misperceptions About Party Composition and Their Consequences,” Journal of Politics 80, no. 3 (2018): 964–981; Christine M. Baugh et al., “Pluralistic Ignorance as a Contributing Factor to Concussion Underreporting,” Health Education & Behavior (2021), https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198121995732; M. Ronald Buckley, Michael G. Harvey, and Danielle S. Beu, “The Role of Pluralistic Ignorance in the Perception of Unethical Behavior,” Journal of Business Ethics 23, no. 4 (2000): 353–364; Leonardo Bursztyn, Alessandra L. González, and David Yanagizawa-Drott, “Misperceived Social Norms: Female Labor Force Participation in Saudi Arabia” (Working Paper 24736, National Bureau of Economic Research, 2018); Lucy De Souza and Toni Schmader, “The Misjudgment of Men: Does Pluralistic Ignorance Inhibit Allyship?” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (2021), https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000362; James J. Do et al., “Gender Bias and Pluralistic Ignorance in Perceptions of Fitness Assessments,” Military Psychology 25, no. 1 (2013): 23–35; William P. Eveland Jr., Douglas M. McLeod, and Nancy Signorielli, “Actual and Perceived US Public Opinion: The Spiral of Silence During the Persian Gulf War,” International Journal of Public Opinion Research 7, no. 2 (1995): 91–109; Daniel E. Flave-Novak and Jill M. Coleman, “Pluralistic Ignorance of Physical Attractiveness in the Gay Male Community,” Journal of Homosexuality 66, no. 14 (2019): 2002–2020; Nathaniel Geiger and Janet K. Swim, “Climate of Silence: Pluralistic Ignorance as a Barrier to Climate Change Discussion,” Journal of Environmental Psychology 47 (2016): 79–90; Julian Givi, Jeff Galak, and Christopher Y. Olivola, “The Thought That Counts Is the One We Ignore: How Givers Overestimate the Importance of Relative Gift Value,” Journal of Business Research 123 (2021): 502–515; J. Roger Jacobs, “Pluralistic Ignorance and Social Action on Climate Change,” EMBO Reports 20, no. 3 (2019): e47426; Kerry M. Karaffa and Julie M. Koch, “Stigma, Pluralistic Ignorance, and Attitudes Toward Seeking Mental Health Services Among Police Officers,” Criminal Justice and Behavior 43, no. 6 (2016): 759–777; Esther Michelsen Kjeldahl and Vincent F. Hendricks, “The Sense of Social Influence: Pluralistic Ignorance in Climate Change,” EMBO Reports 19, no. 11 (2018): e47185; Matthew S. Levendusky, “Our Common Bonds: Using What Americans Share to Help Bridge the Partisan Divide” (неопубликованная рукопись, University of Pennsylvania, 2020); Tagart Cain Sobotka, “Not Your Average Joe: Pluralistic Ignorance, Status, and Modern Sexism,” Men and Masculinities (2020), https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X20901578.
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Ashley Mandeville, Jonathon Halbesleben, and Marilyn Whitman, “Misalignment and Misperception in Preferences to Utilize Family-Friendly Benefits: Implications for Benefit Utilization and Work-Family Conflict,” Personnel Psychology 69, no. 4 (2016): 895–929.
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Kengo Nawata, LiHua Huang, and Hiroyuki Yamaguchi, “Anti-Japanese Public Attitudes as Conformity to Social Norms in China: The Role of the Estimated Attitude of Others and Pluralistic Ignorance,” Japanese Journal of Applied Psychology 42 (2016): 16–24.
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Takeru Miyajima and Hiroyuki Yamaguchi, “I Want to but I Won’t: Pluralistic Ignorance Inhibits Intentions to Take Paternity Leave in Japan,” Frontiers in Psychology 20, no. 8 (2017): 1508.
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Douglas J. Ahler, “Self-Fulfilling Misperceptions of Public Polarization,” Journal of Politics 76, no. 3 (2014): 607–620.
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Joshua Levine, Sara Etchison, and Daniel M. Oppenheimer, “Pluralistic Ignorance Among Student-Athlete Populations: A Factor in Academic Underperformance,” Higher Education 68 (2014): 525–540.
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Неопубликованные материалы опроса Populace, “Project Delta 2.0 Results,” 2020, 7.
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Исследование американских выборов в 2018 г., проведенное Reflective Democracy Campaign (проект Women Donors Network, посвященный изучению демографии в американской политике), проанализировало около 34 тыс. кандидатов на федеральном уровне, уровне штатов и округов и выяснило, что женщины и цветные выигрывали выборы на одном уровне с белыми мужчинами. “The Electability Myth: The Shifting Demographics of Political Power in America,” Reflective Democracy Campaign, June 2019, https://wholeads.us/research/the-electability-myth.
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Regina Bateson, “Strategic Discrimination,” Perspectives on Politics 18, no. 4 (2020): 1068–1087.
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“Beliefs About Gender in America Drive Perceived Electability,” Avalanche Insights, https://www.avalancheinsights.com/beliefs-about-gender-in-america-drive-perceived-electability. Дата обращения 17 мая 2021 г.
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Действительно, небелокожие люди сталкиваются с теми же проблемами, что и женщины. Бейтсон отмечает, что вскоре после того, как американец египетского происхождения доктор Абдул Эль-Сайед решил участвовать в праймериз Демократической партии 2018 г. на пост губернатора штата Мичиган, ««очень могущественные люди, многое решающие в партии» пригласили его побеседовать. По словам Эль-Сайеда, эти партийные инсайдеры сказали ему: «Мы считаем вас замечательным. Просто вы, знаете, не то чтобы мы расисты. Просто мы думаем, что люди за границами юго-восточного Мичигана расисты,