All sciences. №1, 2023. International Scientific Journal. Ibratjon Xatamovich Aliyev
end, he lost so badly that his mother had to borrow from her friend. He has never played since. On April 17 (29), 1879, Nikola's father died.
Tesla got a job as a teacher at a real gymnasium in Gospić, the one in which he studied. He was not satisfied with the work in Gospich. The family had little money, and only thanks to financial assistance from his two uncles, Petar and Pavel Mandich, the young Tesla was able to leave for Prague in January 1880, where he entered the Faculty of Philosophy at Prague University. He studied for only one semester and was forced to look for a job.
23-year-old Nikola Tesla, 1879
Until 1882, Tesla worked as an electrical engineer at the government telegraph company in Budapest, which at that time was engaged in conducting telephone lines and building a central telephone exchange. In February 1882, Tesla came up with a way to use a phenomenon in an electric motor, which later became known as a rotating magnetic field.
Working in a telegraph company prevented Tesla from carrying out his plans to create an alternating current electric motor. At the end of 1882, he got a job at the Continental Edison Company in Paris. One of the largest works of the company was the construction of a power plant for the railway station in Strasbourg. At the beginning of 1883, the company sent Nicola to Strasbourg to solve a number of work problems that had arisen during the installation of lighting equipment at the new railway station. In his spare time, Tesla worked on making a model of an asynchronous electric motor. In 1883, the operation of the engine was demonstrated at the Strasbourg City Hall.
By the spring of 1884, the work at the Strasbourg railway station was completed, and Tesla returned to Paris, expecting a bonus of 25 thousand dollars from the company. After trying to get the bonuses due to him, he realized that he could not see this money and, offended, resigned. One of the Soviet biographers of the inventor, B. N. Rzonsnitsky, claims that Tesla was thinking about moving to Russia, but one of the administrators of the Continental Company, Charles Bechlor, persuaded Tesla to go to the USA. Bechlor wrote a letter of recommendation to his friend Thomas Edison:
«It would be an unforgivable mistake to allow such a talent to leave for Russia. You will still be grateful to me, Mr. Edison, for the fact that I did not spare a few hours to convince this young man to give up the idea of going to Petersburg. I know two great people – one of them is you, the other is this young man.»
Tesla with the «Theory of Natural Philosophy…» by Ruger Boskovich against the background of an RF transformer coil in his laboratory on Houston Street
On July 6, 1884, Tesla arrived in New York. He got a job at Thomas Edison's company (Edison Machine Works) as an engineer for the repair of electric motors and DC generators.
On each material, gentlemen, there is a certain charge, both positive and negative, when they are together, then any object is neutral, but it is only necessary to excite these charges by moving the wire between the magnets, as a current appears in it, which is excited by these magnets. This phenomenon, called electromagnetic induction, when a current arises in a wire due to movement, was discovered by Michael Faraday. If the magnets are in the form of a torus, one of them is smaller, and the second is larger, and if you move the wire between them in a circle in only one direction, then you get a separation of charges into positive and negative, which can be accumulated on capacitors, which are only large metal plates that retain a charge. Of course, direct current is safer, it is easy to work with motors, it is easier to save it, but all these positive aspects are outweighed by one huge drawback – the difficulty of transportation.
Electric current is the movement of free charged particles, electrons between atoms in a directed way, and not chaotically, as it happens in thermal motion. And if the electrons move only in one direction, then they encounter a large number of collisions and quickly lose their energy, so for each enterprise there was a need to create its own power plant, because the maximum DC transmission length is no more than a mile, and already at longer distances the current dropped almost to zero.
Speaking of alternating current, there is already the case with whole coils, when rotating them in one direction, the magnetic fields were not always directed correctly, if they were directed in one direction to one plate, then the direction changed on the next turn. That is, if the current went from left to right, then in the next period, it went from right to left. The electrons did not have time to make such a long journey and only oscillated, while not losing energy, but, of course, transporting it. In such a current, positive and negative polarities change with a certain frequency and losses in such a system are minimal, which allows you to transmit alternating current over simply huge distances.
That was one of Tesla's million ideas. Edison, on the other hand, rather coldly perceived Tesla's new ideas and more and more openly expressed disapproval of the direction of the inventor's personal research. In the spring of 1885, Edison promised Tesla $ 50,000 if he could constructively improve the DC electric machines invented by Edison. Nikola actively set to work and soon introduced 24 varieties of Edison machines, a new switchboard and regulator, significantly improving operational characteristics. Having approved all the improvements, in response to a question about remuneration, Edison refused Tesla, noting that the immigrant still does not understand American humor well. Offended, Tesla immediately quit.
After working for only a year at Edison's company, Tesla gained fame in engineering circles. After learning about his dismissal, a group of electrical engineers offered Nikola to organize his own company related to electric lighting issues. Tesla's projects on the use of alternating current did not inspire them, and then they changed the original proposal, limiting themselves to a proposal to develop an arc lamp project for street lighting. A year later, the project was ready. Instead of money, entrepreneurs offered the inventor a part of the shares of the company created to operate the new lamp. This option did not suit the inventor, the company in response tried to get rid of him, trying to slander and defame Tesla.
In 1886, from autumn to spring, the inventor had to survive on auxiliary work. He was engaged in digging ditches, "slept where he had to, and ate what he found." During this period, he became friends with engineer Brown, who was in a similar position, who was able to persuade several of his acquaintances to provide financial support to Tesla. In April 1887, the Tesla Electric Company, created with this money, began to arrange street lighting with new arc lamps. Soon the company's prospects were proved by large orders from many US cities. For the inventor himself, the company was only a means to achieve a cherished goal. For the office of his company in New York, Tesla rented a house on Fifth Avenue near the building occupied by Edison's company. An acute competitive struggle, known as the "War of Currents", was unleashed between the two companies.
In July 1888, the famous American industrialist George Westinghouse bought more than 40 patents from Tesla, paying an average of $ 25,000 for each and a dollar for each horsepower issued by his generators. After that, he thanked his friend Brown by giving him half of the million dollars he received.
So the work continued, but there were also clashes with Edison, also at the trials. Also, due to Edison's merit, a new type of execution was introduced – in the electric chair, using alternating current. Large-scale executions of animals on alternating current, including Topsy the elephant, were also carried out to demonstrate the dangers of alternating and direct current safety. Westinghouse was against all these measures, he even hired a lawyer for Kemler, the first convict and subsequently executed in the electric chair. But even so, the work of victory followed victory and alternating current spread more and more, entering the life of modern cities.
Westinghouse also invited the inventor to become a consultant at the plants in Pittsburgh, where industrial designs of alternating current machines were being developed. The work did not bring satisfaction to the inventor, preventing the emergence of new ideas. Despite Westinghouse's persuasions, a year later Tesla returned to his laboratory in New York. Shortly after returning from Pittsburgh, Nikola Tesla traveled to Europe, where he visited the Paris World's Fair in 1889 and visited his mother and sister Maritza.
But one day, Westinghouse investors reminded him of the need to pay a dollar for each horsepower issued