Английский для PR-специалистов. Ксения Симонова
масса
II. Read the text and form the main idea of the text:
The newspaper printing is a rather unusual activity since each day the newspaper material is prepared anew. Newspaper includes editorial board work the following functions: getting the right news, writing it in the form of an article, selection of the best items for the print, and displaying the selected copy in the paper.
All these tasks are performed by journalists, editors and rewrite men, photographers and make-up editors responsible for the issue of the paper.
Thus, the newspaper reporting starts with collecting information for the paper. However, journalism does not stop here. Newspapers and magazines publish a great deal of stories, not only news items or political stories, for example, stories of humorous or some other type. Such essay-type nicies may be called human interest stories. Besides, newspapers carry many items on sports, personalities of today as well as stories on science?
art and technology. Rather popular are also the reports about the flights of astronauts and space research matters in general.
Human interest stories are often written in the form of an interview, or as some journalists say, a «profile» is given. It is no secret that different newspaper publications differently influence the reader, this depending on the level of the skill of the journalist himself or the type of the topic being covered.
One can often hear some reporters who have just started their career in journalism asking this question: how to conduct an interview? There are hardly any rules to that effect because each interviewee is different. In most instances, the journalist's problem is how to get the interviewee to start talking. The opening questions, therefore, are of special importance. The reporter should not ask questions that call for only yes-or-no response. Another problem is how to keep on talking. Some interviewers take copious notes, others trust their memory and take notes only about the exact names, places, figures, and the like.
The above-mentioned profile-type stories may be characterized as «personality sketches» reading which one learns much about interesting aspects of somebody's life. Other everyday topics covered by newspapers are stories on crime, medicine and law. Those organs of press which focus on entertainment, crime and just gossip are justly called «commercial». These papers are published primarily for profit. Usually they have a considerable readership.
I. Answer these questions:
1. Why is the newspaper printing an unusual activity?
2. What does the newspaper reporting start with?
3. What do newspapers and magazines publish?
4. What articles may be called human interest stories?
5. What reports are rather popular?
6. In what form are human interest stories often written?
7. What are the journalist's problems?
8. What other everyday topics do newspapers cover?
II. Note the pronunciation of the following words:
Newspaper, popular, readership, detail, therefore, activity, journalist, interviewee, broadcasts, coverage, portability.
III. Give the meaning of the following word combinations, suggest how they can be translated into Russian:
The above-mentioned; each interviewee is different; everyday topics covered by newspapers; editorial board; yes-or-no response; in most instances; organs of press; the opening questions.
IV. Suggest the English for:
Газетопечатание, статья для всех, современник, воздействовать на читателя, предложить рецепт на этот счет, умение поддержать разговор, цифровые данные, как правило, однозначный ответ, сплетни, в целях наживы, коммерческие газеты, каждодневные темы газет.
V. Find synonymous to the following words:
VI. Compare the following English and Russian words:
VII. Add the necessary prepositions or adverbs:
… the afternoons it was the custom… Miss Jane Marple to unfold her second newspaper. Two newspapers were delivered… her house every morning. The first one Miss Marple read while drinking her early morning tea, that is, if it was delivered… time.
Today, Miss Marple had absorbed the front page and a few other items… the daily paper that she had nicknamed «The Daily All-Sorts», this being a slightly satirical allusion… the fact that her paper, the Daily Newsgiver, owing to a change… proprietor… her own and… other..: her friends' great annoyance, now provided articles… men's tailoring, women's dress, competitions… children, and complaining letters… women and had managed to push any real news… any part… it but the front page. Miss Marple, being old-fashioned, preferred her newspapers to be, newspapers and give you news.
… the afternoon, having finished her luncheon, she had opened The Times. Not that The Times was what it used to be. The maddening thing… The Times was that you couldn't find anything any more. Instead… going… from the front page and knowing where everything else was so that you passed easily… any special articles… subjects… which you were interested, there were now extraordinary interruptions… this routine. Two pages were suddenly devoted… travel… Capri… illustrations. Sport appeared… far more prominence than it had ever had… the old days. The births, marriages and deaths which had… one time occupied Miss Marpie's attention first… all owing to their prominent position had migrated… a different part… The Times, though… late, Miss Marple noted, they had come almost permanently to rest… the back page.
When a newspaper gets its material from its own reporting staff or from outside contributors the copy, as it is called, is passed to sub-editors. Their duty is to overlook, go through it, check if for mistakes or possible libelous remarks, and shape it for the available space. They have also to provide headlines which will give the reader in the shortest possible way a good idea of what the report or article contains.
These head lines have to be fitted into very narrow columns; so the sub-editors have a difficult task. Long words are only a nuisance, therefore quite small ones have to be used; and this has caused the creation of a journalistic language of its own, which we call «Headline English».
How does a sub-editor set about his work of composing short, snappy headlines which are, at the same time, immediately comprehensible to the readers of the newspaper?
One obvious way is to cut down the names of prominent people; so in Headline English, Sir Alec Douglas-Home may become Alec or Home.
Another feature of Headline English is the replacement of adjectives by nouns, because the later are shorter.
One may also meet a headline which contains several nouns jammed together; for example, «Smoking Report Outcry Clash». This would refer to the report made by a medical commission of inquiry into the dangers to health caused by smoking, especially of cigarettes. The verdict of the doctors has caused alarm and protest among smokers; and the tobacco trade is challenging the verdict and disputing with the doctors. The whole thing is thus confined in the four words in the headline.
Another