Instruction for survival during modern disaster. Irina Apraksina

      Norway. Norway has a high level of development, a strong health system and a well-developed infrastructure. It has strategic reserves of food, medical resources, and emergency equipment. With strict civil defense measures and a public alert system, Norway can ensure that its citizens are protected in the event of war or a pandemic. Norway: Norway has a widespread practice of storing potable water supplies in homes and public places. In addition, the country has numerous natural artificial reservoirs that can provide water to the population in the event of a crisis.

      Germany. Germany has one of the largest and most modern healthcare systems in the world. It has a high level of emergency preparedness due to its resources, expertise, and economic strength. Germany is also actively involved in international cooperation and is ready to provide assistance to other countries in the event of a crisis. Germany has so-called «vaccine factories» in Africa that can be used to produce vaccines in the event of a pandemic. This allows the country to quickly respond to disease threats. Germany also has a number of bunkers and underground shelters that can be used as protection in the event of war or a pandemic. In addition, Germany has strategic stocks of vaccines and medicines to fight pandemics. Germany: Germany also has plans to provide the population with drinking water in the event of a disaster. This may include reservoirs and water treatment plants.

      Spain. Spain has a well-developed healthcare system and numerous hospitals, which makes it ready to handle massive cases of illness or injury. However, the country has faced some challenges in managing the COVID-19 pandemic due to insufficient medical equipment and organizational problems.

      Italy. Italy also has civil protection plans, which include measures to evacuate people from threat zones, organize temporary shelters and provide assistance to victims.

      Each country has its own strengths and weaknesses in preparing for catastrophic events. However, in general, countries with a high level of development, strong public resources and a developed health system usually have a great potential and capacity to protect ordinary people in the event of war or a pandemic. In addition, some countries do have bunker systems or other original methods of protecting the population in the event of a nuclear conflict, pandemic, or other catastrophic situation. Here are some examples:

      Switzerland. Switzerland is known for its mountain bunkers, which can be used to protect the population in the event of war or disaster. The bunkers are located in the mountains and can accommodate a significant part of the population. In addition, some buildings in Switzerland also have anti-radiation shelters, and ordinary private homes are equipped with shockproof doors and protected basements, where the Swiss store food reservesы in case of military and other threats. Switzerland is known for its neutrality and high level of crisis preparedness. It has strong government resources, medical expertise, and technical capabilities to protect the public. In addition, Switzerland actively cooperates with international organizations, which increases its capabilities in the event of catastrophic events.

      Sweden. Sweden has a civil defense program that trains the population to act in extreme situations, and bunkers are also available to protect them from radiation and other threats.

      Finland. In Finland, there is a network of underground shelters, including in rock formations, which can be used as protection from radiation or other hazards. Finland has a civil defense program that develops evacuation plans and provides instructions to the public about how to respond to emergencies.

      Great Britain. The UK invests significant efforts in preparing for catastrophic challenges and is committed to ensuring the safety and security of its population in the event of emergencies. For example, the UK has an early warning and monitoring system for radiation levels that allows it to quickly respond to possible nuclear threats. There are specialized plans for evacuation and protection of the public in the event of a nuclear accident, including the identification of safe zones and places of shelter. Regular training and exercises are conducted with the participation of law enforcement agencies, civil defense services and other agencies to assess the readiness and effectiveness of action plans. The UK has nuclear weapons and nuclear submarines capable of carrying out nuclear strikes in the event of a nuclear threat. This nuclear arsenal is one of the main components of the strategy of nuclear deterrence and protection of the country from potential nuclear attacks. In terms of the quality of its preparation for a nuclear catastrophe, the UK is considered one of the leading countries. Its approach to protecting its population from nuclear threats is part of its broader military strategy and is based on many years of experience and modern technologies. The UK has a national pandemic response plan that sets out procedures for monitoring, diagnosing, treating and distributing vaccines and medicines.

      These are just a few examples of the different approaches that different countries take to protect their populations in the event of catastrophic events. Each country can adapt its own methods to its own unique conditions and needs. In addition to bunkers and other methods of protection, countries can also develop special action plans and programs to ensure the safety of the population in case of crisis situations. Some of them include себяso-called эevacuation plans, for quick and safe evacuation of the population from threat zones. This may include the use of special vehicles, training the population to behave properly in the event of evacuation, and identifying safe places for temporary accommodation. Many countries can also deploy alert systems that alert the public to emergency events, such as a nuclear attack or the approach of a dangerous pandemic. This can include radio communications, sirens, mobile apps, and other means of communication. They also provide systematic training in the basics of first aid, the use of protective equipment, safe behavior in emergency situations, and other skills that can increase the chances of survival and minimize risks in crisis situations. In times of emergency, it is very important have hospitals and health facilities are prepared to receive large numbers of victims and can be a key aspect in providing effective medical care in the event of a pandemic or mass trauma. Some countries maintain strategic food and water supplies that can provide the population in the event of supply disruptions due to crisis situations. In the event of large-scale catastrophic events, countries can actively cooperate with international partners to share resources, experience, and assistance in dealing with the crisis.

      Each of these countries has its own emergency preparedness strategies and programs that can be tailored to the specific needs and conditions of each country. These measures are aimed at ensuring the safety and protection of the population in case of crisis situations.

      Identifying the most emergency-ready European country can be difficult, as it depends on a variety of factors, including threat types, infrastructure, resources, and public readiness. However, given the various aspects of training, such as the availability of bunkers, civil defense systems, medical resources, evacuation preparedness, and other protective measures, it can be assumed that some countries may have more advanced training systems than others.