Грамматические трудности перевода. Английский язык для юристов. Нина Владимировна Огнева
in society. However, in some situations the degree of justice hoped for is not achieved.
It’s easy to be liberal when spending another’s money.
10. Причастия I и II в функции обстоятельства
MODELS
Participle I
1. (While / When) Commenting on the resolution, he informed the deputies of the country’s critical situation. Комментируя резолюцию, он сообщил депутатам о критической ситуации в стране.
2. When drafting leases, attention to detail is of paramount importance.
При составлении договоров аренды крайне важно быть внимательным ко всем деталям.
3. Having looked at the nature of the adversary system and the key players, now consider the critical steps normally involved in the criminal justice process.
Проанализировав суть концепции и изучив характер участников состязательной системы правосудия, перейдем к рассмотрению основных этапов уголовного процесса.
4. Having passed the House of Lords the Bill is ready for the Royal Assent.
После того как законопроект был принят палатой лордов, он должен получить королевскую санкцию.
Participle II
Asked about the claim, he said the dispute would be settled out of the court.
Когда его спросили об иске, он ответил, что спор будет урегулирован во внесудебном порядке.
1. Because the American legal system consists of both federal courts and state courts, a plaintiff must make a choice of court systems when filing a suit.
2. Informed that it was impossible to sack such a number of employees the executive director suggested reducing the company’s running costs by some other means.
3. Asked to justify his decision to cut the R and D budget, the head of the company failed to sound convincing.
4. Working as a block, the opposition parties have been able to formulate demands for reforming the economic situation.
5. Asked how he got to be so good in the pre-election campaign the candidate answered “I lost the previous election”.
6. Faced with the necessity to comment on the event, the Prime Minister refused to express his opinion.
7. Alleging human rights violations, some countries have imposed economic sanctions against others.
8. Initially used only by financial markets and businesses, the euro was introduced for use by general public on January 1, 2002.
9. Discussing contract law we often think of contracts as elements of the business world, forgetting that they are also an essential part of our daily life.
10. The role of the jury is to agree a verdict, having heard and considered the facts according to the evidence led.
11. Two youths were fined 25 dollars being found guilty of causing a breach of peace.
12. Having arrested someone suspected of committing a crime, the police must decide if they have enough evidence to make a formal accusation.
13. When establishing or interpreting norms of international law, States are referring increasingly often to resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly and sometimes to resolutions of international organizations as well.
14. According to the traditional approach of recognition of a government, a revolutionary government is not recognized until it has clearly established control over most of the state, having reduced the prior government to control of only negligible areas.
15. Negotiated in preparation for the admission to the EU of new members from Eastern Europe, the Treaty of Nice (2001) contained major reforms.
16. When making an arrest, if there is no resistance, no force should be used.
17. Having successfully completed the Legal Practice Course the would-be solicitor has to enter a two-year training contract with a firm of solicitors or other approved organizations, gaining practical experience in a variety of areas of law.
All things being equal, people will do business with a friend;
all things being unequal, people will still do business with a friend.
Mark McCormack
11. Независимый причастный оборот
MODELS
1. The agreement is drawn up in English and in Russian; both texts being equally valid.
Договор составлен на английском и русском языках, причем (и) оба текста имеют одинаковую силу.
2. The documents not having arrived on time, the trial had to be postponed.
Поскольку документы не прибыли вовремя, судебное разбирательство пришлось отложить.
1. The question arose on responsibility, some participants pointing out that laws were neglected everywhere.
2. The parties having failed to conclude an agreement, there is no way of telling what the outcome will be.
3. England appeared only a formal victor in the Second World War, its economy entering the period of stagnation and decline.
4. There are about 100 Federal courts throughout the country, final authority resting in the Supreme Court.
5. After the recession of the early 1980s, there were many large companies on the US stock market with good earning but low stock prices, their assets (being) worth more than the companies’ market value.
6. The USA has no national police force, the FBI influence being limited to a very few federal crimes, such as kidnapping.
7. The US Republican Party took form in 1854, its first Republican candidate being John C. Fremont in 1856.
8. The American Constitution specifies the powers and duties of each federal branch of government, with all other powers and duties belonging to the states.
9. In any election year, only one third of the Senate is changed, the remaining two thirds being members whose terms have not expired.
10. “Upper” and “lower” are commonly applied to the two houses for a bicameral legislature, the upper being the less numerous and higher in rank of the two.
11. For electoral purposes Britain is divided into a number of constituencies, each returning one member to the House of Commons.
12. If a dispute arises between two individuals, each believing himself to be in the right, litigation may ensue.
13. Money laundering was made a separate criminal offence in the US in 1986, one goal being to identify offshore jurisdictions that do not cooperate with the US in investigation