The Life of John Marshall (Volume 2 of 4). Beveridge Albert Jeremiah

72

See Hazen, 209-15.

73

Ib., 213.

74

See Hazen, 215.

75

Cobbett, i, 111.

76

For an impartial and comprehensive account of these clubs see Hazen, 188-208; also, Marshall, ii, 269 et seq. At first many excellent and prominent men were members; but these withdrew when the clubs fell under the control of less unselfish and high-minded persons.

77

Washington to Thruston, Aug. 10, 1794; Writings: Ford, xii, 451.

78

Washington to Randolph, Oct. 16, 1794; ib., 475; and see Washington to Lee, Aug. 26, 1794; ib., 455.

79

Cabot to Parsons, Aug. 12, 1794; Lodge: Cabot, 79.

80

J. Q. Adams to John Adams, Oct. 19, 1790; Writings, J. Q. A.: Ford, i, 64.

81

Jefferson to Rutledge, Aug. 29, 1791; Works: Ford, vi, 309.

82

See Hazen, 203-07.

83

September 18, 1794.

84

Ames to Dwight, Sept. 11, 1794; Works: Ames, i, 150.

85

Cabot to King, July 25, 1795; Lodge: Cabot, 80.

86

Ames to Gore, March 26, 1794; Works: Ames, i, 139.

87

Ames to Minot, Feb. 20, 1793; ib., 128.

88

Ames to Gore, Jan. 28, 1794; ib., 134.

89

Ames to Dwight, Sept. 3, 1794; ib., 148.

90

Henry to Washington, Oct. 16, 1795; Henry, ii, 559.

91

Ib., 576.

92

Marshall, ii, 353.

93

Ib., 269.

94

Marshall, ii, 353-54.

95

Marshall, ii, 150-51. "The agitation had been too great to be suddenly calmed; and for the active opponents of the system [Constitution] to become suddenly its friends, or even indifferent to its fate, would have been a victory of reason over passion." (Ib.; and see Beard: Econ. O. J. D., 85, 101, 102-07.)

96

"The effort was made to fill the legislature with the declared enemies of the government, and thus to commit it, in its infancy, to the custody of its foes." (Marshall, ii, 151.)

97

Madison to Hamilton, June 27, 1788; Hamilton MSS., Lib. Cong. Madison adds this cryptic sentence: "This hint may not be unworthy of your attention."

98

Madison to Washington, June 27, 1788; Writings: Hunt, v, 234. Madison here refers to the project of calling a new Federal Convention for the purpose of amending the Constitution or making a new one.

Randolph was still more apprehensive. "Something is surely meditated against the new Constitution more animated, forcible, and violent than a simple application for calling a Convention." (Randolph to Madison, Oct. 23, 1788; Conway, 118.)

99

When Jefferson left Virginia for France, his political fortunes were broken. (Eckenrode: R. V., chap. viii; and Dodd, 63-64; and Ambler, 35-36.) The mission to France at the close of the American Revolution, while "an honor," was avoided rather than sought by those who were keen for career. (Dodd, 36-39.)

Seldom has any man achieved such a recovery as that of Jefferson in the period now under review. Perhaps Talleyrand's rehabilitation most nearly approaches Jefferson's achievement. From the depths of disfavor this genius of party management climbed to the heights of popularity and fame.

100

Jefferson to Hopkinson, March 13, 1789; Works: Ford, v, 456.

101

Jefferson to Washington, Paris, Dec. 4, 1788; Works: Ford, v, 437-38. Compare with Jefferson's statements when the fight was on against ratifying the Constitution. (See vol. i, chap. viii; also Jefferson to Humphreys, Paris, March 18, 1789; Works: Ford, v, 470.)

102

Jefferson to Short, Dec. 14, 1789; Works: Ford, vi, 24.

103

The Legislature which met on the heels of the Virginia Constitutional Convention hastened to adjourn in order that its members might attend to their harvesting. (Monroe to Jefferson, July 12, 1788; Monroe's Writings: Hamilton, i, 188.) But at its autumn session, it made up for lost time in its practical display of antagonism to the Nationalist movement.

104

Marshall, ii, 205-26. Throughout this chapter the terms "Nationalist" and "Anti-Nationalist" are used instead of the customary terms "Federalist" and "Anti-Federalist," the latter not clearly expressing the fundamental difference between the contending political forces at that particular time.

105

Carrington to Madison, Oct. 19, 1788; quoted in Henry, ii, 415.

106

Ib., 416-18.

107

Journal, H.D. (Oct. 30, 1788), 16-17; see Grigsby, ii, 319; also see the vivid description of the debate under these resolutions in Henry, ii, 418-23.

108

Carrington to Madison, Oct. 19, 1788; quoted in Henry, ii, 415.

109

Madison to Randolph, Oct. 17, 1788; to Pendleton, Oct. 20, 1788; Writings: Hunt, v, 269-79.

110

Madison to Randolph, Nov. 2, 1788; Writings: Hunt, v, 296.

111

See vol. i of this work.

112

Henry, ii, 427; see also Scott, 172.

113

Journal, H.D. (Nov. 8, 1788), 32; see also Conway, 120; and Henry, ii, 427-28.

114

Madison to Randolph, Nov. 2, 1788; Writings: Hunt, v, 295.

115

Monroe became a candidate against Madison and it was "thought that he [would] … carry his election." (Mason to John Mason, Dec. 18, 1788; Rowland, ii, 304.) But so ardent were Madison's assurances of his modified Nationalist views that he was elected. His majority, however, was only three hundred. (Monroe to Jefferson, Feb. 15, 1789; Monroe's Writings: Hamilton, i, 199.)

116

Randolph to Madison, Nov. 10, 1788; Conway, 121.

117

Journal, H.D. (Nov. 14, 1788), 42-44. Also see Annals, 1st Cong., 1st Sess., 259.

118

The Nationalist substitute is pathetic in its apprehensive tone. It closes with a prayer "that Almighty God in his goodness and wisdom will direct your councils to such measures as will establish our lasting peace and welfare and secure to our latest posterity the blessings of freedom; and that he will always have you in his holy keeping." (Journal, H.D. (Nov. 14, 1788), 43.)

119

Ib., 44.

120

Pennsylvania Resolutions: Gallatin's Writings: Adams, i, 3. This was unjust to New England, where rum was "the common drink of the nation" and played an interesting part in our tariff laws and New England trade.

121

Washington to Marshall, Nov. 23, 1789; MS., Lib. Cong.

122

Randolph to Madison, July 19, 1789; Conway, 127.

123

Journal,