The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, Volume II (of 2). Darwin Charles

The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, Volume II (of 2)

in 'Journal of R. Agricul. Soc. of England,' vol. v. p. 511. 'Encyclop. of Rural Sports,' p. 279. Girou de Buzareignues, 'Philosoph. Phys.,' p. 215. See following papers in 'The Veterinary:' Roberts, in vol. ii. p. 144; M. Marrimpoey, vol. ii. p. 387; Mr. Karkeek, vol. iv. p. 5; Youatt on Goître in Dogs, vol. v. p. 483; Youatt, in vol. vi. pp. 66, 348, 412; M. Bernard, vol. xi. p. 539; Dr. Samesreuther, on Cattle, in vol. xii. p. 181; Percivall, in vol. xiii. p. 47. With respect to blindness in horses, see also a whole row of authorities in Dr. P. Lucas's great work, tom. i. p. 399. Mr. Baker, in 'The Veterinary,' vol. xiii. p. 721, gives a strong case of hereditary imperfect vision and of jibbing.

21

Knight on 'The Culture of the Apple and Pear,' p. 31. Lindley's 'Horticulture,' p. 180.

22

These statements are taken from the following works in order: – Youatt on 'The Horse,' p. 48; Mr. Darvill, in 'The Veterinary,' vol. viii. p. 50. With respect to Robson, see 'The Veterinary,' vol. iii. p. 580; Mr. Lawrence on 'The Horse,' 1829, p. 9; 'The Stud Farm,' by Cecil, 1851; Baron Cameronn, quoted in 'The Veterinary,' vol x. p. 500.

23

'Recreations in Agriculture and Nat. Hist.,' vol. i. p. 68.

24

'Ueber die Eigenschaften,' &c., 1828, s. 107.

25

Bronn's 'Geschichte der Natur,' band ii. s. 132.

26

Vrolik has discussed this point at full length in a work published in Dutch, from which Mr. Paget has kindly translated for me passages. See, also, Isidore Geoffroy St. Hilaire's 'Hist. des Anomalies,' 1832, tom. i. p. 684.

27

'Edinburgh New Phil. Journal,' July, 1863.

28

Some great anatomists, as Cuvier and Meckel, believe that the tubercle one side of the hinder foot of the tailless Batrachians represents a sixth digit. Certainly, when the hinder foot of a toad, as soon as it first sprouts from the tadpole, is dissected, the partially ossified cartilage of this tubercle resembles under the microscope, in a remarkable manner, a digit. But the highest authority on such subjects, Gegenbaur (Untersuchung. zur vergleich. anat. der Wirbelthiere: Carpus et Tarsus, 1864, s. 63), concludes that this resemblance is not real, only superficial.

29

For these several statements, see Dr. Struthers, in work cited, especially on intermissions in the line of descent. Prof. Huxley, 'Lectures on our Knowledge of Organic Nature,' 1863, p. 97. With respect to inheritance, see Dr. Prosper Lucas, 'L'Hérédité Nat.,' tom. i. p. 325. Isid. Geoffroy, 'Anom.,' tom. i. p. 701. Sir A. Carlisle, in 'Phil. Transact.,' 1814, p. 94. A. Walker, on 'Intermarriage,' 1838, p. 140, gives a case of five generations; as does Mr. Sedgwick, in 'Brit. and Foreign Medico-Chirurg. Review,' April, 1863, p. 462. On the inheritance of other anomalies in the extremities, see Dr. H. Dobell, in vol. xlvi. of 'Medico-Chirurg. Transactions,' 1863; also Mr. Sedgwick, in op. cit., April, 1863, p. 460. With respect to additional digits in the negro, see Prichard, 'Physical History of Mankind.' Dr. Dieffenbach ('Journ. Royal Geograph. Soc.,' 1841, p. 208) says this anomaly is not uncommon with the Polynesians of the Chatham Islands.

30

'The Poultry Chronicle,' 1854, p. 559.

31

The statements in this paragraph are taken from Isidore Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 'Hist. des Anomalies,' tom. i. pp. 688-693.

32

As quoted by Carpenter, 'Princ. of Comp. Physiology,' 1854, p. 480.

33

Müller's 'Phys.,' Eng. translat., vol. i. 1838, p. 407. A thrush, however, was exhibited before the British Association at Hull, in 1853, which had lost its tarsus, and this member, it was asserted, had been thrice reproduced: I presume it was lost each time by disease.

34

'Monthly Journal of Medical Science,' Edinburgh, 1848, new series, vol. ii. p. 890.

35

'An Essay on Animal Reproduction,' trans. by Dr. Maty, 1769, p. 79.

36

Bonnet, 'Œuvres d'Hist. Nat.,' tom. v., part i., 4to. edit., 1781, pp. 343, 350, 353.

37

So with insects, the larvæ reproduce lost limbs, but, except in one order, the mature insect has no such power. But the Myriapoda, which apparently represent the larvæ of true insects, have, as Newport has shown, this power until their last moult. See an excellent discussion on this whole subject by Dr. Carpenter in his 'Princ. Comp. Phys.,' 1854, p. 479.

38

Dr. Günther, in Owen's 'Anatomy of Vertebrates,' vol. i., 1866, p. 567. Spallanzani has made similar observations.

39

'On the Anatomy of Vertebrates,' 1866, p. 170: with respect to the pectoral fins of fishes, pp. 166-168.

40

'Medical Notes and Reflections,' 1839, pp. 24, 34. See, also, Dr. P. Lucas, 'l'Héréd. Nat.,' tom. ii. p. 33.

41

'Du Danger des Mariages Consanguins,' 2nd edit., 1862, p. 103.

42

'British and Foreign Medico-Chirurg. Review,' July, 1863, pp. 183, 189.

43

Verlot, 'La Production des Variétés,' 1865, p. 32.

44

Loudon's 'Gard. Mag.,' vol. xii., 1836, p. 368.

45

Verlot, 'La Product. des Variétés,' 1865, p. 94.

46

Bronn's 'Geschichte der Natur,' b. ii. s. 121.

47

Rev. W. A. Leighton, 'Flora of Shropshire,' p. 497; and Charlesworth's 'Mag. of Nat. Hist.,' vol. i, 1837, p. 30.

48

Verlot, op. cit., p. 93.

49

For these several statements, see Loudon's 'Gard. Magazine,' vol. x., 1834, pp. 408, 180; and vol. ix., 1833, p. 597.

50

These statements are taken from Alph. De Candolle, 'Bot. Géograph.,' p. 1083.

51

Verlot, op. cit., p. 38.

52

Op. cit., p. 59.

53

Alph. De Candolle, 'Géograph. Bot.,' p. 1082.

54

See 'Cottage Gardener,' April 10, 1860, p. 18, and Sept. 10, 1861, p. 456; 'Gard. Chron.,' 1845, p. 102.

55

Darwin, in 'Journal of Proc. Linn. Soc. Bot.,' 1862, p. 94.

56

Hofacker, 'Ueber die Eigenschaften,' &c., s. 10.

57

Bechstein, 'Naturgesch. Deutschlands,' b. iv. s. 462. Mr. Brent, a great breeder of canaries, informs me that he believes that these statements are correct.

58

'The Poultry Book,' by W. B. Tegetmeier, 1866, p. 245.

59

'British and Foreign Med. – Chirurg. Review,' July, 1861, pp. 200-204. Mr. Sedgwick has given such full details on this subject, with ample references, that I need refer to no other authorities.

60

'De l'Espèce,' tom. ii., 1859, p. 299.

61

'Philosoph. Magazine,' vol. iv., 1799, p. 5.

62

This last case is quoted by Mr. Sedgwick in 'British and Foreign Medico-Chirurg. Review,' April, 1861, p. 484. For Blumenbach, see above-cited paper. See, also, Dr. P. Lucas, 'Traité de l'Héréd. Nat.,' tom. ii. p. 492. Also 'Transact. Lin. Soc.,' vol. ix. p. 323. Some curious cases are given by Mr. Baker in 'The Veterinary,' vol. xiii. p. 723. Another curious case is given in the 'Annales des Scienc. Nat.,' 1st series, tom. xi. p. 324.

63

'Proc. Royal Soc.,' vol. x. p. 297.

64

Mr. Sproule, in 'British Medical Journal,' April 18, 1863.

65

Downing, 'Fruits of America,' p. 5; Sageret, 'Pom. Phys.,' pp. 43, 72.

66

Youatt

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