Introduction to the World of Physics. Методическое пособие по переводу научно-технических текстов. Лидия Страутман

Introduction to the World of Physics. Методическое пособие по переводу научно-технических текстов - Лидия Страутман


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in a/an or the where necessary.

      1. In 1950, James Maxwell and Reynolds et al. found that ___ critical temperature of __superconductor depends on ___ of ___constituent . 2. In 1962 ___ first commercial superconducting wire, ___ - alloy, was developed by researchers at Westinghouse Electric Corporation. 3. Brian Josephson made ___ important theoretical prediction that ___ supercurrent can flow between two pieces of superconductor separated by __thin layer of insulator. 4. Josephson was awarded ___Nobel Prize for this work in 1973. 5. Johannes Bednorz and Karl Müller discovered superconductivity in __-based cuprate perovskite material, which had __transition temperature of 35 K (Nobel Prize in Physics, 1987).

Task №3

      Put the verb into the correct form.

      1. The of a metallic ____gradually as the temperature is lowered.( decrease) 2. The resistance of a superconductor, on the other hand, ___abruptly to zero when the material is cooled below a temperature called its "critical temperature". (drop) 3. Superconductivity _____in a wide variety of materials, including simple elements like and , various metallic , and certain kinds of ceramic materials. (occur) 4. In 1986, the discovery of HTS, with critical temperatures in excess of 90 K, ____interest and research in superconductivity for several reasons. (renew) 5.The next important step in understanding superconductivity ____in 1933, when Walter Meissner and Robert Ochsenfeld ____ that superconductors ___magnetic fields.(occurr/discover/ apply)

Task №4

      Put the verb into the most suitable passive form.

      1.Superconductivity ____ in 1911 by and _____by exactly zero and exclusion of the interior .

      (discover/ characterize) 2. Superconductors ____to make some of the most powerful electromagnets known to man, including those used in MRI machines. (use) 3.They ___also ___to make digital circuits, highly sensitive magnetometers, and filters for mobile phone base stations. (use) 4. They ___also for the separation of weakly magnetic particles from less magnetic or nonmagnetic particles. (can use) 5. Superconductivity does not occur in noble metals like and , nor in most metals that ___spontaneously.(can/ magnetize). 6. ____the in 1913. (award)

Task №5

      Put in a preposition where necessary.

      1. Superconductivity was discovered __1911 __ , who was studying the resistance __ solid __ cryogenic temperatures using the recently discovered liquid as a refrigerant. 2. ___1950 Lev Landau and Vitaly Ginzburg formulated what came to be called the phenomenological Ginzburg-Landau theory ___superconductivity. 3. The discovery revealed that the internal mechanism responsible ___ superconductivity was related __ the attractive force ____electrons and the ion lattice beneath. 4. The complete, microscopic theory ___ superconductivity was finally proposed ___ 1957 __John Bardeen (1908-1991), Leon Cooper, and John Schrieffer.5. ___ 1959 Lev Gor'kov showed that the BCS theory becomes equivalent ___ the Ginzburg-Landau theory close __ the critical temperature.

Task №6

      Put the verb into the correct form. Use gerund or the infinitive

      1. ____ future applications include high-performance , power storage devices, electric power transmission, . (promise) 2. Superconductivity occurs in a wide variety of materials, _____simple elements like and , various metallic , and certain kinds of ceramic materials known as high-temperature superconductors. ( include) 3. It ____be known as the BCS theory. (come) 4. This theory had great success in ____the macroscopic properties of superconductors. (explain) 5. Generalizations of these theories form the basis for____ the closely related phenomenon of . (understand)

Task №7

      Put questions to the underlined words

      1. had a great success in explaining the macroscopic properties of superconductors.

      2. found that the critical temperature of a superconductor depends on the of the constituent .

      3. of superconductivity was finally proposed by John Bardeen (1908-1991), Leon Cooper, and John Schrieffer.

      4. the first commercial superconducting wire, a - alloy, was developed at Westinghouse Electric Corporation.

      5. had believed that the forbade superconductivity at temperatures above about 30 K.

      LESSON 4

      Active vocabulary

      Superconductors – Сверхпроводники

      resistivity удельное – сопротивление

      magnetic field – магнитное поле

      heat capacity – теплоемкость

      critical temperature – критическая температура

      properties – свойства

      particle accelerator – ускоритель частиц

      voltage – напряжение

      electric current – сверхпроводящее состояние

      superconducting state – электрический ток

      current – ток

      coils – катушки

      universe – вселенная

      conductor – проводник

      ionic lattice – ионная решетка

      vibrational kinetic energy- вибрационная кинетическая энергия

      phenomenon – явление

      critical temperature – критическая температура

      fluid – жидкость

Text 4Elementary properties of superconductivity

      Superconductors possess both common and individual properties


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