Billy Connolly. Pamela Stephenson
been accepted as an apprentice at that firm. If he had not been dux of St Peter’s School in Partick, he might have been one of the many jobless victims of the rampant anti-Irish feeling that existed all around Glasgow at the time.
At twenty-three years old. William Connolly senior had been conscripted into the Royal Air Force, a fate that interrupted his career as an optical instrument maker at Barr and Stroud’s. He always considered himself very lucky to have been accepted as an apprentice at that firm. If he had not been dux of St Peter’s School in Partick, he might have been one of the many jobless victims of the rampant anti-Irish feeling that existed all around Glasgow at the time.
His father, Jack, was an Irishman whose family members were among the seven million victims of the potato famine, grinding poverty and relentless discrimination, who had been emigrating from Ireland since the seventeenth century. Many had sailed to the United States and Canada, risking typhus and dysentery in the ‘coffin ships’ and New World quarantine camps, but Jack’s Connemara-born family had sailed to Scotland and settled in Glasgow in the 1920s. It was probably the better choice. The average length of life for Irish refugees who reached the Americas was six years after landing. The American streets were not paved with gold after all, but rather Irish immigrants were expected to pave the streets themselves and to do so for very low wages.
Expectations of Scotland-bound Irish emigrants were not so fanciful, yet Glasgow society echoed the Yankees in being highly prejudiced against the Irish, due to religious, racial, cultural and economic differences. In Glasgow, there was also the fear that jobs would be lost to the incomers. In America, the ‘Know Nothing’ hate group murdered Irish immigrants and destroyed their property; in Glasgow there was a concerted effort to deny them jobs and lodgings. One of the most popular songs of the 1870s said it all:
‘I am a decent Irishman and I come from Ballyfad
And I want a situation and I want it mighty bad. A position I saw advertised is a thing for me, says I, But the dirty spouting ended with “No Irish Need Apply”.’
Similar exclusionary signs were out in force in Glasgow in the 1930s when Billy’s father was looking for work, hung in places where jobs were available for Protestants only. The notice outside Barr and Stroud’s was only a little less overt than usual. ‘Apprentices wanted’ it read, ‘Boys’ Brigade Welcome’. Being Catholic and half-Irish, William had not been a candidate for membership of the staunchly Protestant Boys’ Brigade, an organization founded with evangelical zeal in the previous century by one William Smith who wished to promote health, constructive activity, and a moral soundness among Glaswegian youth.
Jack Connolly had married Jane McLuskey, a Glaswegian lass from a devoutly Catholic family, who bore him seven children, six of whom survived. William, born in 1919, was the youngest child after Charlie. John. James. Mona and Margaret; while a younger sister named Mary died of tuberculosis when she was only eight. William himself was a sickly child, spoiled by his mother and bossed by his oldest sister, Mona. He had problems with his eyes, and needed several pairs of chunky, brown-framed spectacles. He was passionate about football, and insisted on the supremacy of the Celtic team until the day he died. Even though he had been promising at school, children of the depression had little opportunity for further education, so he taught himself logarithms, and how to speak Italian and German.
William was a strict Catholic, but it is unlikely that his tortured aspect and taciturn nature were entirely due to religion. His father Jack may have passed on some of his formidable qualities to his son for he was the epitome of stoicism and pride, as illustrated by a family story that has been handed down from the 1920s. The tale is set just before the pubs closed one New Year’s Eve, or Hogmanay as they call it in Scotland, ‘the same as other people’s Christmas, but without God to knacker the proceedings’, as Billy puts it. Jack, who was extremely fond of a drink, bought a ‘Hogmanay carry-out’: a paper bag with a bottle of whisky and a few bottles of Guinness in it. On his way out of the pub, he made the mistake of putting his parcel on the beer-soaked floor. He strode home to see out the old year and welcome in the new with a skinful of Guinness, not realizing that the brown paper had become sodden and weak. A few streets from home, the bottom fell out of the bag and, to his horror, the contents smashed and spilled into the gutter. Jack returned home empty-handed and recounted the sad story to his wife.
‘What in heaven’s name did you do?’ she asked, appalled. Quite apart from the personal embarrassment, Hogmanay is the most important of all Scottish celebrations and there would have been no time or spare cash to replace his loss. The man stared into the middle distance, chin in the air. ‘Jack walked on,’ he declared.
Jack was a slim, good-looking man with a handlebar moustache. He managed to support his wife and children by working as a labourer, a plater’s helper in the shipyards. The job required great strength so, despite his thin frame, he must have been quite wiry. His son William was also svelte as a youth, but he eventually tumesced into a bloated man with the biggest neck in the world. Nowadays, Billy always complains, ‘I don’t want to wear a tie. I’ll look like a man with a head transplant!’ He got that look from his father.
At Barr and Stroud’s in 1940, William had not been fully focused on his work. At twenty years old he had met a teenager called Mamie McLean, of the McLean of Duart clan from the isle of Mull, who returned to her mother’s house every evening with hands covered in fine red dust from polishing the lenses of rangefinders. She was a handsome and volatile sixteen-year-old, with long, dark hair and a forthright expression. The only girl in the family, Mamie had developed a strong personality and a self-protective sense of humour. She had a fine ability to stand up for herself, although that may be an understatement; some say she was the type of woman who could start a fight in an empty house. She was fast on her feet, and would always streak out ahead of her brothers, Neil. John, Edward (Teddy) and Hugh, in their holiday seafront races. At the Protestant Kent Road School in Glasgow, Mamie had shown herself to be bright, but with a war on there was generally little emphasis on education, and so she went to work.
Wartime Glasgow was a sinister place to ‘court a lassie’. As evening fell, a sickly, green light spread through the streets as people scurried to get home before the blackout. Bombers occasionally dumped their lethal loads on the city, the worst occasions being two nights of non-stop bombing on 13 and 14 March 1941. which were devastating for citizens from the industrial areas of the River Clyde. The ‘Clydebank Blitz’ left two-thirds of that town’s population homeless, and killed or wounded thousands, but the only casualty in the McLean household was their pet canary, who perished when a land mine blew open the shutters. Mamie’s father, Neil McLean, was an air-raid warden and, before a local air-raid shelter was built, everyone in the largely Irish Catholic neighbourhood would sprint to relative safety in the bottom floor of his tenement. Every time there was even a hint of a bang or whistle from the skies above, Mamie and her brothers would be deafened by exhortations from their fellow refugees. ‘Mary, mother of God, Jesus and Joseph and all the saints!’
They were nearly drowned in holy water. This must have been particularly irksome for Neil, a Protestant whose own father had been a Boys’ Brigade officer. A diminutive Highlander from the west of Scotland, Neil’s father looked out of place in Glasgow, still wearing his navy, deep-sea cap with a shiny peak. He had even hung fish to dry on a small rope outside his city tenement window.
‘Well, Mr McLean,’ the Catholic corner boys would bait Neil, imitating his ‘teuchter’, or country, accent, ‘did you find the Lord today?’
‘I wasn’t aware I’d lost him.’
The ‘corner boys’ were the casualties of the jobless depression years. With no money and nowhere to go, men would stand around in clumps at every intersection of the city, just blethering and shooting the breeze. Neil McLean, however, was never one to be idle. He had been a warehouseman for McFarren, Smith and Glass, but when he lost his job he spent his time cycling and running a football team. They were hard times for him and the family, but unlike many of his contemporaries, Neil kept his standards and avoided strong drink. They were able to eat because his wife, Flora, managed to make a living cleaning houses and offices. One of her employers was a Highland woman, a Mrs Morrison.
‘And what does your husband do, Flora?’ she