Memory of the World: The treasures that record our history from 1700 BC to the present day. UNESCO
is one of the oldest libraries in Morocco. This unique volume remains there to this day.
The fifth volume of Ibn Khaldoun’s Kitab al-ibar, a major historical work, which the author donated to the library of al-Quaraouiyine University in Fez in 1396.
Slavonic publications in Cyrillic script of the 15th century
Inscribed 1997
What is it
A collection of sixty-three exceptionally rare and early books printed in the Cyrillic script.
Why was it inscribed
This collection is of international significance and is of great importance to the cultural heritage of Slavonic nations. They represent the earliest books printed in Cyrillic, dating from the late 15th century.
Where is it
Russian State Library, Department of Rare Books, Moscow, Russia
This collection of early printed books in Cyrillic is the result of more than 50 years of research work by the specialists of the Russian State Library, who located and verified the authenticity of these rare books. The majority of the books are held in Russia, but others are scattered in libraries in many countries such as Ukraine, Belarus, Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro, Romania, France, UK, USA, Croatia, Slovenia, the Czech Republic and Greece – and have never been seen altogether. The exceptional rarity of these publications and their fragility brought on by their age has necessitated limited access to them and has spurred on the project to have all of them available in digital form so that they can be widely studied. Another goal of selecting this collection is, in essence, the creation of a new cultural resource – a united digital collection of early printed books in Cyrillic which far surpasses the collection in any single library in the world.
These books are an important part of the cultural heritage of Slavic nations. The books predate those produced by the traditionally recognized father of Russian book printing, Ivan Federov (c.1510–83), by 70 years and mark an important landmark in the early period of book printing. The collection includes the first book printed in Cyrillic, the Oktoih, a liturgical book of the Orthodox Church, printed in Krakow in 1491. These Slavonic publications in Cyrillic script have exerted appreciable influence on the development of the Slavonic nations and helped Slavic peoples to reaffirm their national literary languages and to produce books with a cultural identity that is different from the early printed books of western Europe.
Pages from the earliest known printed book in Cyrillic, an Oktoih (Book of Psalms), printed in Krakow in 1491.
Treasures from National Archives and Library organizations
Inscribed 1997
What are they
These treasures are a small selection of rare Ethiopian manuscripts and include religious texts of the 14th and 15th centuries; royal correspondence to European monarchs; the first printed Ethiopian publication (1513); and manuscripts from the 18th to the 20th century, relating Ethiopian history.
Why were they inscribed
Ethiopia has rare, precious and priceless manuscripts mainly written in the Geez language in the form of verse and prose which reflect its indigenous civilization.
Where are they
National Archives and Library, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
It is estimated that there are some 500,000 historical manuscripts in Ethiopia. Aware of their historical, religious, philosophical, artistic and socio-cultural values, the Ethiopian National Archives and Library has been collecting manuscripts for scholastic research and preservation for future generations. A few highlights of their manuscript collection are included in this inscription and are detailed below.
The manuscript of the Fourth Gospel was written on vellum in the Geez language in the 14th century. The first forty-five pages of the book are filled with painted images, particularly of Jesus Christ, his followers, saints and angels. The Homily of the Passion of our Lord and Services for Passion Week was written on vellum in the Geez language in the 15th century. The writing is bold and neat, and the text is bound with wooden boards covered with stamped leather. The manuscript of St Paul’s Gospel was written on vellum in the Geez language in the 15th century. It includes a painted picture of St Paul and his followers. The manuscript of Henock was written on vellum in the Geez language in the 15th century. The writing is fine and neat and there are marginal notes on each page. The Psalterium Davidis was written by Johannes Potken in the Geez language with an introduction in German and was printed in Rome in 1513. It is considered to be the first printed publication in Ethiopian history. The manuscript of Anaphora was written on vellum in the Geez language in the 17th century. There is musical notation over most of the text and it has marginal notes and designs. From the 19th century The Letter from King Tewdros to Queen Victoria of Britain, the Letter from King Menelik II to Tsar Nicolas II of Russia and the Letter from King Sahleselassie of Shoa to the Queen Victoria of Britain deal with the relations, not always cordial, between Ethiopia, Britain and Russia. The manuscript Fetha Negest (Nomocanon) was written on vellum in the Geez language in the 19th century. The manuscript of the History of Menelik II was written on paper in the Amharic language in the 19th century. It has marginal notes and designs, is illuminated and contains musical notation. The manuscript of the Tarike Negest (History of Kings) was written on vellum in the Geez and Amharic languages in the 20th century.
Corpo Cronológico (collection of manuscripts on the Portuguese discoveries)
Inscribed 2007
What is it
A collection of more than 80,000 public manuscript documents, mostly from the 15th and 16th centuries, which chronicle the voyages of the Portuguese explorers and the people and lands they discovered.
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