Халифат – государство ислама. Александр Ханников

Халифат – государство ислама - Александр Ханников


Скачать книгу
Шииты говорили, что только потомство Али обладает благодатью, дающей ему исключительное право власти над мусульманами. Представители каждого из трех течений были уверены, что лишь они следуют истинным положениям первоначального ислама.

      Конец ознакомительного фрагмента.

      Текст предоставлен ООО «ЛитРес».

      Прочитайте эту книгу целиком, купив полную легальную версию на ЛитРес.

      Безопасно оплатить книгу можно банковской картой Visa, MasterCard, Maestro, со счета мобильного телефона, с платежного терминала, в салоне МТС или Связной, через PayPal, WebMoney, Яндекс.Деньги, QIWI Кошелек, бонусными картами или другим удобным Вам способом.

/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQEAYABgAAD/2wBDAAgGBgcGBQgHBwcJCQgKDBQNDAsLDBkSEw8UHRofHh0a HBwgJC4nICIsIxwcKDcpLDAxNDQ0Hyc5PTgyPC4zNDL/2wBDAQkJCQwLDBgNDRgyIRwhMjIyMjIy MjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjL/wAARCANcAjoDASIA AhEBAxEB/8QAHAAAAwADAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAECAwQFBwYI/8QAVRAAAQMCBAMDBwUNBgUCBgEF AQACEQMhBAUxQRJRYQZxgQcTIpGhsdEUFjLB4RUXIzM1QlJVcnOTlLI2U2J0kvA0Q1TC8SQlJkRF goOiZDdGhLPS/8QAGgEBAQEBAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAECAwQFBv/EADARAQEAAgEEAQIGAgICAgMA AAABAhEDBBIhMUFRYQUTFSIyM3GBFCNCUjRiobHB/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwD5J4/CP/aPvSIv15Kq v41/7RSXwX6ctgjadimNwjZWM5XwWibQjv0Tidr7KysbG0SmAiLaSq0stSspCIsqi99kLUYqY3hE SqAvolodO9ajAI8AlAhURBSI3W5WKXMWCW6ZkIi/RbjFTvdLSbKkGZuFpyqY5JWjUqiLXR8FuM1G iXh6lepSOupW452Ji4M22Si0ahUbdEd8rUrFiCNeiCCDqqIRELW2dI03udEgD7NlYn1IOvQq7E7o sZsnEQJQBdWBJRa5sqR0G6HtB56o2N09T0RbYKp7qTcQSbKT0VwJ1MqTYoUoMI9vcneIBt3IsLHd VCATMWnREa7JgWUWJAsZ3TKeyPrUNERYI2TCLiyKIRvzTI0RY6jZD50QtMbIF/WnAA5Iv1KAJv15 ogjvTPejUovhMfFEdFUdZRrsglyI3gJ+tBEIJsJGkpRKogSb6IIuie03iJuiyZ70RJKHtEIFyrve 9koJ6SgRbJ5JAX0lXA5qSNRdDRXiyUGNCmOZPeEyL6oVP+7oiBrCsg7aqYM7IiQNoPNBEpgQY2Tg WVRF9YsjQ81UXASPKVClF+aXCeTfUqiItZLf6KqunUH4R/7R96mIKt/4x/7R96UL4Er9HsoQQnpH JM66W71ZWKUIhPe+qcdFdsUADbQJgdyI9yegC1KhRYlB5adyrqi8LUrFpdSLpCSOirRL2rUrNSeS I6J9JReFqVzpRy9qUC0GN1UI2hblYqdktraKogJb6LUrFSW6QgjomiCd1uVixKRE2hUkBdblZsTE HSE4tuq6FIgrW2NIIIvslERCvfVAEHTZXbKO5P2dUyLGEbxeyu0qeV0AbpkXkIiLLUqFtE6oGiqO 9IzfZXZrVTBsZS2gyrjvEWSi0HwV2aY0jc3ErIY5KQLbq7RN+HU2QRI6byq3sUR4JtERbr3pwZVX ugDnYJtdJ9w2TIt3ITi/UJtfaYlV3IgxAQTYXU2QiPYiLSrINpuVMAGeibKQEnQaJ2EWTg3Tgxom 1QQncRCemoQps0W1koFhJlVqEQSU2EBI5pEbSVURZLhjcpsTHPdEKtt0oHD0TZSPtUnlqFW2lkt9 FZWfRRsSjv8AUn13RF02vojcXSgyqjbZLvtsmzYA5e5I8yFUQiB4bEJsSBzKCJ1VbbJOkzCkqekp c51V8tEj0Ta/CLzznVEQfgqIB32QNLBXaaLaNERN59iIujihTa7dKr+Mf+0fepjTZXUH4R/7R96h fCfoNiJT0QjRGaAnpolrewA0THJVi07AdU9vagX5ShaiWiZTPJI9/rRF+a3K52ndHdqp01KcyrGT BvKUpRbYI27lqMCfHojYoRJ1hbjNHfoUkDRFwFtilEjogG6D1MI9cKxmkdddUHdOJ3SEbHZa2xYm RzTiZQenNBI6a3WpWSi+iO9MzP1oE3Wt+WdFFpjwSsNd1WwBtKCtbSpMC9+5Ec1WgEnxKXK4TaEE QD9icIjmO9XYmLkkac0oi8q7JEFXZqogfWlc2VFKFZUsTHPVEQVWvKUT0hO5Eoi5CqQeSImCm1if 92T2myIT2S5LohponF4SiyfJTaaKNPeiLJ6WmAjpeU2pHe8JxJHVEjcJ8k2pAXQGknw0R4oIgKbS FBlEHREevZPcBXawohBEHqjUQi1xKmzRX8UvcnBvJ8ERayu0sKJSMRN0/qTsmxO02SIvoqi9pRYd 6bPafUl9SqERG6u0KOkoVEaC/epAuDupsJG/wVEXReByTYiIRHfKrwSi3VTZE2QbWuqiDcXQR6ld kiDcdE/Q/RHrVRAvoiB+l7E2ljoVAPOu7z71NtJVVI86/wDaPvSXxH39pIMWCeqCkDyVYtOLymDZ IWmyYHgqzadrItNkfBG4WozaDdCIN4RurGKCLJSOSO9MadVqMDoknvqlqFuVmlqOaZ70aiyJ6XWp Wdjfkp3/AN3TN/BGourKzRMpEdCnsEtdVuVkt7IInTVMojdWVmpFr+xGo704MTumdVdptO3RBgWT gTOsapRN4WpWfIP+5SBteye06FBvyV2zoRZB52TMzqkI0urs9jbqkegVQpiLjRXajVIyNhomkU2F 70tyUwghXaFvKR119aepIBTMaq7XSSBHMlMdNk7HqjpNlLTSTJve6NSCmb22CI702a8gEAEbIsgj lKBcJs0NgJSJgaJxbQovbRTZobiyNuaY0HsSJ6hXaggHvQEbRvzCDrGkps0QMzonuleycX1TaFO+ pCOuyDMW1QdU2F4TCIAEp39aNbaJtNFCCAE462RG83TYRB5+xKLckyJGqO5U0QB5z0Si2gVbSgAB SVNFw7JcMdZVd3tTud02JiBb1oiyopQSU2qYSgK+5KO5NmkxBukNYI8VZ7koMd6bEkW7kcLTufUq IgXSl36Km0033j8K/wDaPvU9IVVPxr/2j71OsiV8d9rZdZnoje+iewko201V2zaPGUHQxoja4RKr NpgDYJHTVG8p7BXbIFybBHvCUdUSrKzado5peN0TfW6c/wCIetajFpQiPWiRzujiEbetalZov4It OtuiQc2NR60wRzC1KyL6pRdORGoStrI05qysCZBRsAPFEgXketEgaEXWtoNNvBPoeaRibkdLoJ7u au0pR1tPJHtStAgj1pzyIjvWtoASLbdUidLpyIF+iUgbiFdoNQiNAi3MR3okWkg+KsqAbylHJFuK LJzA1HrV2gjvulvZG1iPWnruO5NrExdEctE5ERIRI2MJs0kweiCN0yRzEd6RibOHrV2aEI3gpnTU a80ieo9abXwUHQ6Ii6YI1ketAPUetXuNEiANfBORYEie9BIt6QnvU2WJ25JxsnLYGhnW6RIPJNgN 9kWEIJBuD4ygkDkrsAF0tVQI5+1K3FqFNgmCi6DBP0gEWjWybPkb28UW5oEc796CQdx4FNgg9JSE FO259qOIDcetNoRE6Qi6Dw8x3SnIjUE96uzXkrzoi1+SLD84QnaLEBNieqYn/wAIsb29aCRzCbQh rpCIEzKci8uHrRIFrc9U2Fc7oi2qdjuO6UWgHZNmtjZLZPaUa2juTZ6LXRECLBMhLS40TaCNzYqT E3VEHuSIgSbJsECyXHFroOsBKBzKbg3qpPnX/tH3qdZJVVJ88+dOI+9RrIXyn1tn3pGwJKAeXqUm YmOqSsWqnoidgpBM6qhzVTZxz0SRqLe1KI8VWbVgFxDQCSbAC5PcvWOyfkwwzMPTxmfMNWs8S3Cz DWD/ABRqei+c8mGSMzPtGcZWYHUsCwVADoXmzfVBPgvcAF9DpOCZTvyePn5bL2xy6fZrI6bA1uUY ENGn4Bp+pX83slIj7k4H+Xb8F0kL39mP0ebdc35vZL+qMD/Ls+CPm9kv6owP8uz4LpITtx+huub8 3sl/VGB/l2fBHzeyX9UYH+XZ8F0kJ2z6G65vzeyX9UYH+XZ8EfN7Jf1Tgf5dnwXSQr2z6G65vzey X9U4H+XZ8EfN7Jf1Tgf5dnwXSQnbPobrm/N7Jf1RgP5dnwR83sl/VGA/l2fBdJCds+ibc35vZL+q MB/Ls+CPm9kv6owH8uz4LpITthtzfm9kv6owP8uz4I+b2S/qjAfy7PgukhO2fRd1zfm9kv6pwP8A Ls+CPm9kv6owH8uz4LpITtibc35vZL+qMB/Ls+CPm7kn6owH8uz4LpITUHN+buSfqjAfy7Pgj5u5 L+qMB/Ls+C6SE1Dbm/N3Jf1RgP5dnwR83sl/VGA/l2fBdJCahtzfm9kv6owP8uz4JfN3Jf1RgP5d nwXTQmou65vzdyX9UYD+XZ8EfN3JP1RgP5dnwXSQmom3M+buSjTKMB/Ls+CPm7kv6owH8uz4LpoT UXdcz5u5J+p8B/LM+CfzeyX9UYD+XZ8F0kJqG65vzdyT9UYD+XZ8Evm7kn6owH8uz4LpoTUNuZ83 ck/VGA/lmfBHzdyT9UYD+WZ8F00JqG65nzdyT9UYD+XZ8EfN3JP1RgP5dnwXTQmobrmfN3JD/wDS MB/Ls+CPm5kn6owH8uz4LpoTUNuZ83Mk/U+A/lmfBHzdyT9UYD+XZ8F00JqJtzfm7kn6owH8uz4J fN3JP1PgP5ZnwXTQmobcz5u5L+qMB/LM+CPm7kn6owH8uz4LpoTUXdcz5u5L+qMB/Ls+CPm7kv6o wH8uz4LpoTUNuZ83ck/VGA/l2fBHzdyT9T4D+XZ8F00JqG3M+bmSfqfAfyzPgj5u5J+p8B/LM+C6 aE1Ecz5u5J+qMB/Ls+C4mdeTrs/m1Bwp4NuCrx6NbDDhg9W6EL65ClxlXb8zdoMgxvZvNX4HGNkg cVOqPo1G8x8Fyu+6968pmRszTsrWxLGTicF+Gpnfh/OHqv4LwXaZ05rx8mPblp1xpDXS6OvsTlB1 1XPalJ3S8ZVBTZNgN9NAlI/SCLmLwkXGdD602jdq3qvNvpFTfTZU/wDGuj9I+9RzlfNr6WwT1S96 II6p9ybS0uK6PVKOqQuU2zafXTuRMRPPml3pz3Jtnenr/keptGU5lUGrsQ0eAb9q9KXm/ken7iZh P/Uj+kL0hfc6X+rF4OX+dCEIXocwhCEAhCEAhCEAhCEAhCEAhCEAhCEAhCEAhCEAhCEAhCEAhCEA hCEAhCEAhCEAhCEAhCEAhCEAhCEAhCEAhCEAhCEAhCEAhCEAhCEAhCEGnmlNtXKsZTddrqDwf9JX 5c2En1L9TZh+T8T+6f8A0lflrYAcl4+q+HTAXNgEtT1TAE3S01leTboNr7oEymIjS0qSZ3V7kEjZ OHckrAp8TuQTZ7bNX8a6f0j71O3jZVUM1X2vxH3qJv3Lw17tgG8EIkaSjWZUydVE2ZQJ8EijTRRj ZibpSUGfiiZuqm3sfkf/ACJmH+ZH9IXpC838j35EzCf+pH9IXpC+70v9WLxcn8qEIQvQwEIQgEIQ gEIQgEIQgEIQgEIQg08yzTA5RhflOYYmnh6HEG+cqGBJ0CeXZpgc2wgxWX4qliaBJaH03SJGoTzH AYbNMvr4HF0xUoV2Fj2ncfFeP5JjsV5M+2dbKcwe52VYpwIqHThNm1R3aO+wIPalysR2kybDZo3L K2Y0GY1xa0UOKXknQQud2z7W0Oy+RnEAsqYqsOHDU5+k79I/4RqftXznk27K12l/ajOOKpmGLl9H zmrWu1eertuQ70HpKFNSoykwve5rWtElzjAAXEqdsuzdKqaT88wAeDBHnwUHdQsOGxeHxlFtbC16 dak7R9NwcD4hLFY3DYGl53F4ijQpSBx1Xhgk7SUGdC5nzjyP9c5f/Ms+Kbe0GTVHtZTzbAPe4hrW txLCSToAJQdJC1sXj8JgKbamMxVDDsceEOrVAwE8pKz06jKtNtSm5r2OEtc0yCOYKCkLTxOa4DB1 m0MTjsNRqvALWVKrWuMmLAnmtybIBc1+f5VTzduUvx9FuPdEYcu9MyJ07rrDX7VZDhsX8lrZxgad eYLHV2gg8jyXnWYPD/Lxg3NcC0imQQbEeaKD11C447V5B8r+SfdjA/KJjg8+2Z5LsIBC1sXj8Ll9 Hz2MxNHD0v06rw0e1cyj2w7OYisKVLO8A55sB54CUHcQsNfFUMNhziK9anSotEmpUcGtHibLS+ce R/rnL/5lnxQdNC5nzjyP9c5d/NM+K6NN7atNr2Oa5jhLXNMgjmEFIQhAIQhAIQhAIQhAIQhAIQhA IQhAIQhBrY/8n4n90/8ApK/LWkXX6lzD8n4n90/+kr8tRYfWvD1d9OnGLEoPJLXZC8e3QTr0RMi6 J66IOs7JskG19koHT1o1EWR4+xNjZqfjX/tFTYqqtqr9vSPvUarx16dlHVBNtEI10TaA+pHgkfai 6ibBKYsPqQRZLQaIm3sfkeM5HmB//kj+kL0lebeR2+R5h/mR/SF6Svv9L/Ti8mf8qEIQvQwEIQgE IQgEIQgEIQgEIQgEIQgF8b5SMiwOa9lsRicVVp0K2DaatGu/QHdp6O074X2JMLxztXm2K7f9qqHZ rJ3n5BRqTUqj6LiPpPP+Fug5nwQcLsRhqfavtTgcNneMNSlg6AFChUP4wMuGdw1PMBe/tADYAgDk vIO3fYkdncLgs97Ph9H5C1ja3D9IFulXvn6S+/7G9qKHanI2YpvCzFU/QxNIfmP59x1H2ItfO9vs k7RdpM1wGW4Sm6nkstOIqtqN+kTcubMkAaDmVvN8lnZRmF80cFWLgPxprvDu/WPYuN2z7VZ3ie1V Hsr2eqDD13cLalcRxFxHFAP5oAuTqhnktzHGAOzntVjK8/SZT4iPW531IjldghU7P+UzH5DhsSau CcKjdZDuEBzXWtMWK+m8r4B7FCf+rpf9y+Q7H4DC5V5YauX4NznYfDitTYXmSYYJk98r6/yv/wBi m/5ul/3IOd2b8mXZzNOzeXY/E08Sa+Iw7Kj+GuQJIvAXzXafszl3Zjt3kGFy1lRtOq+lUd5x/EZ8 7H1L1bsV/YrJv8pT9y+B8pH/APUfs3/+L/8A3IrpeWcT2ZwM/wDV/wDY5fWYHMcPlHYjB4/FP4KF DAUnvP8A9gsOpNl8n5Z/7M4L/N/9jlxsyxdftjici7H5fUIw1DDUamOqt0BDBP8Apn/URyRHx+Y4 vH5x2jwWeY+nwtx+KBoA7MY8NgdBp3yvV/Kn2ir5J2dp4bCVHU8TjXmmHtN2sAl0dTYeK+Y8peEo YDP+y+Ew1MU6FFjWMaNgKjVs+Wim5pyXEkfg2uqtPf6J9wKK6mQ+SrIxkNH7qUalfG1qYfUeKrm+ bJGjQLW5mZXmuL7O4zDdvB2dp4qp5zz7cPSrE3FJwsf9JNl+isPWZXwlKrTILHsa5pG4IkLyPMcR S+/zhjxCG1KdMn/F5qPrCD6LMPJN2fq5O/D4KlUo4trD5vEGqXcTotxA2g9AFg8k+fYnHZbisoxr 3Pr4BwDHOMngJIjwII7l6KXBrZJgC5JXkPkqcKnabtFj22w/CTxbXqOcPYERufMrN+1XbTF4ztRS q0stpz8npMrAhzZhrRBta53K3u
Скачать книгу