alt="" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="#fb3_img_img_dbe73254-a9cb-598d-aaae-be877cad55c9.jpg"/> Type 2 diabetes associated with increased BMI
Australian Aborigines (14)
74 children and adolescents followed for 5 years
Increase in prevalence of overweight from 2.7% to 17.6% over the 5 years
At end of study (mean age 18.5 years) 8% with impaired glucose tolerance, 2.7% with type 2 diabetes and 22% with elevated cholesterol
New Zealand Maoris (15)
5% of 1,052 diabetes patients diagnosed before age 30, of which 55% were type 2
Micro-albuminuria more common in type 2 diabetes (62%) vs. type 1 diabetes (18%)
86% of patients with type 2 diabetes overweight vs. 44% of those with type 1 diabetes
Female:male 1.5:1
THE EPIDEMIC OF OBESITY
United States
Obesity, defined in adults as a BMI ≥30 kg/m2, doubled in frequency in the adult population in the last decade of the 20th century (16).
Obesity prevalence in 2000 was ∼20% of adults (16):
18.5% of Caucasians
29.3% of African Americans
23.4% of Hispanics
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III conducted between 1988 and 1994 described a doubling in prevalence of childhood obesity since the 1980s (17).
NHANES III update of 1999 (18) found BMI >95% for age and sex, varying with ethnicity, in
11–18% of boys 6–11 years old
10–17% of girls 6–11 years old
11–14% of boys 12–19 years old
10–17% of girls 12–19 years old
The Bogalusa Heart Study, a 20-year (1973–1994), biracial, community-based study in Louisiana of 11,564 individuals 5–24 years old (19):
Mean weight increased 0.2 kg/year, and skinfold thickness increased.
The frequency of overweight doubled.
Overweight (>85th percentile BMI) increased from 15 to 30%.
Obesity (>95th percentile BMI) increased from 5 to 11% in those 5–14 years old and from 5 to 15% in those age 15–17 years old.
Increases in the second 10 years of the study were 50% greater than those in the first 10 years.
The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, a prospective cohort study of 8,270 children age 4–12 years (22):
There was a significant increase in “overweight” (>95th percentile of BMI for age and sex) and risk of overweight (85th–95th percentile of BMI).
