Sports Diplomacy. Michał Marcin Kobierecki
States in search of necessary resources establish cooperation with sports subjects and include them in the diplomatic processes. Accordingly, ISOs such as the IOC are becoming diplomatic subjects—as stakeholders of states’ diplomacy which desire to use the popularity of sport to build their external image. Similarly, domestic sports subjects such as national federations, sports leagues, or clubs can become such stakeholders.
The author faced several challenges while conducting the research, particularly in connection to few scientific elaborations on the investigated subject. The inconsistency concerning the definition of sports diplomacy was also problematic. Definitions suggested by various authors differ from each other, which made it necessary to propose own approach. Certain difficulty also referred to the part of research concerning the diplomatic activity of ISOs in reference to investigating the frequency of the meetings between the IOC president Juan Antonio Samaranch and representatives of states he was visiting. The documents available to the author did not include all the trips Samaranch made. Apart from that, documents concerning subsequent IOC presidents were not available. It has, therefore, been assumed that the available data were sufficient to identify the general trend, although the author is aware of the limitation of this part of the research.
This book was originally published in Polish by the publishing house of the University of Lodz, Poland. The research was supported by the National Science Centre, Poland [grant number 2015/19/D/HS5/00513].
NOTES
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14. David Black and Byron Peacock, “Sport and Diplomacy,” in The Oxford Handbook of Modern Diplomacy, ed. Andrew F. Cooper, Jorge Heine, and Ramesh Thakur (Oxford: Oxford University Press: 2013), 708–726.
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19. Sport and Diplomacy: Games within Games, ed. J. Simon Rofe (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2018).
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