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Code Nation
Personal Computing and the Learn to Program Movement in America
Michael J. Halvorson
Pacific Lutheran University
ACM Books #32
Copyright © 2020 by Association for Computing Machinery
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other except for brief quotations in printed reviews—without the prior permission of the publisher.
Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks or registered trademarks. In all instances in which the Association of Computing Machinery is aware of a claim, the product names appear in initial capital or all capital letters. Readers, however, should contact the appropriate companies for more complete information regarding trademarks and registration.
Code Nation: Personal Computing and the Learn to Program Movement in America
Michael J. Halvorson
books.acm.org
ISBN: 978-1-4503-7758-4hardcover
ISBN: 978-1-4503-7757-7paperback
ISBN: 978-1-4503-7756-0EPUB
ISBN: 978-1-4503-7755-3eBook
Series ISSN: 2374-6769 print2374-6777 electronic
DOIs:
| 10.1145/3368274 Book | 10.1145/3368274.3368282 Chapter 7 |
| 10.1145/3368274.3368275 Acknowledgments | 10.1145/3368274.3368283 Chapter 8 |
| 10.1145/3368274.3368276 Chapter 1 | 10.1145/3368274.3368284 Chapter 9 |
| 10.1145/3368274.3368277 Chapter 2 | 10.1145/3368274.3368285 Chapter 10 |
| 10.1145/3368274.3368278 Chapter 3 | 10.1145/3368274.3368286 Chapter 11 |
| 10.1145/3368274.3368279 Chapter 4 | 10.1145/3368274.3368287 Afterword |
| 10.1145/3368274.3368280 Chapter 5 | 10.1145/3368274.3368288 Index |
| 10.1145/3368274.3368281 Chapter 6 |
A publication in the ACM Books series, #32
Editor in Chief: Sanjiva Prasad, IIT Delhi
Area Editor: Thomas Misa, University of Minnesota
This book was typeset in Arnhem Pro 10/14 and Flama using LuaTEX.
Cover image by vgajic/Collection E+ via Getty images
First Edition
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Chapter 1How Important is Programming?
1.7A New History of Personal Computing
Chapter 2Four Computing Mythologies
2.1The NATO Conference on Software Engineering
2.4The Counterculture Movement