Waking Nanabijou. Jim Poling, Sr.
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WAKING NANABIJOU
Uncovering a Secret Past
WAKING NANABIJOU
Uncovering a Secret Past
Jim Poling Sr.
NATURAL HERITAGE BOOKS
A MEMBER OF THE DUNDURN GROUP
TORONTO
Copyright © Jim Poling Sr. 2007
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise (except for brief passages for purposes of review) without the prior permission of Dundurn Press. Permission to photocopy should be requested from Access Copyright.
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Copyedited by Marja Appleford
Indexed by Jane Gibson
Designed by Erin Mallory
Printed and bound in Canada by Marquis
Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Poling, Jim (Jim R.)
Waking Nanabijou : uncovering a secret past / Jim Poling.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-1-55002-757-0
1. Poling, Jim (Jim R.) 2. Mothers and sons--Canada--Biography.
3. Native peoples--Canada--Social conditions. 4. Chapleau (Ont.)--Biography.
5. Joumalists--Canada--Biography. I. Tide.
PN4913.P65A3 2007 070.92 C2007-903005-X
1 2 3 4 5 11 10 09 08 07
Cover photo © Dick Spooner, courtesy Tourism Thunder Bay
We acknowledge the support of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council for our publishing program. We also acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program and The Association for the Export of Canadian Books, and the Government of Ontario through the Ontario Book Publishers Tax Credit program and the Ontario Media Development Corporation.
Care has been taken to trace the ownership of copyright material used in this book. The author and the publisher welcome any information enabling them to rectify any references or credits in subsequent editions.
J. Kirk Howard, President
“The time has certainly come when the innocent child should be relieved from the stigma which society has been only too ready to place upon it … and very often block the path to its future progress and usefulness.”
— 1918 Annual Report of the Superintendent of Dependent
and Delinquent Children in Alberta
To Veronica, who gave me life; and Diane, who helped me sustain it.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
BOOK FOUR — NANABIJOU AWAKENED