Social Torture. Chris Dolan
Organisation
Part II – Subsistence in the Camps
Problems with Distribution
Part III – Access to Education
Part IV – Access to Health Care
Part V – Access to Protection
Discussion and Conclusions
Introduction
Physical Debilitation
Psychological Debilitation
Cultural Debilitation
Discussion
Conclusions
Introduction
The Hegemonic Model of Masculinity
The Gap between Model and Reality: Inability To Fulfil External and Internalised Expectations
The Impact of the Emergence of a Hegemonic Model
Discussion
Conclusions
8. Social Torture and the Continuation of War
Introduction
Impacts and Methods
Further Symptoms of Torture
Actors
Humanitarian Missions and Mandate
Failures in Assistance and Protection
Benefits and Functions
Justifications for Action and Inaction
Discussion
Conclusions
Social Torture Offers a Counter-Narrative to the Mainstream Discourse
Greed–Grievance
Social Torture Goes beyond the Convention Against Torture
Social Torture Suggests the Need for More Comprehensive Interventions
Annex B. An Account of the 1994 Peace Talks
FIGURES
Maps
Map 2. Map of a Yard. The Circle was Indicated Using White Stones.
Diagrams
Diagram 1.1. Key Elements in Identifying Torture
Diagram 5.1. Escalation in Numbers of Internally Displaced inGulu/Kitgum/Pader, 1997–2003
Diagram 5.2. Organigram Showing Approximate Positions of Government and ‘Traditional’ Authorities
Diagram 9.1. An Elaborated Model of Social Torture
Diagram A.9. LRA Organisational Chart for the Year 1999 – 2000
Tables
Table 1.1. Key Differences between Individual and Social Torture
Table 3.2. Incidents within the Immediate Community
Table 3.3. Incidents at District and National Level
Table 5.1. Crop Prices during Fieldwork Period, 1999 to 2000
Table 5.2. Primary Schooling in Pabbo Camp, 1998
Table 5.3. Primary School Enrolments in Palaro, Abaka, and Odek P7 Schools
Table 6.1. Food Relief to Cwero Camp, September 1998 to March 2000
Table 6.2. Ranking of Illnesses Treated in 961 Patients by 37 Traditional Healers in Gulu District in the Week 14-20 June 1999
Table 6.3. List of Deaths Recorded by Fieldworkers in Awer and Pagak Camps, July 1999 to March 2000, Sorted by Age of Deceased
Table 6.4. Explanations Given by Soldiers’ Wives in Gulu Barracks in Answer to the Question ‘Why Do You Think the HIV Infection Rate in Gulu Has Risen To Be One of the Highest in the Country?’
Table 6.5. Women's Stated Reasons for Their Own Infection with HIV, as Given by 116 Members of an Acord Assisted Support Group for People Living with AIDS
Table 6.6. Ranking of Risks to Health as Given in Two Focus Groups with Members of the UPDF, 3-4 June 1999
Table 7.1. Actors Identified by 11 Members of a Youth Group in Gulu District, 8 February