death of Emperor Andronikos III; beginning of civil war in Byzantium.
1344–
Help sought by different factions from the Ottoman, Karasi, and Aydino
lu principalities; Or
lu Süleym
i) Battle by the River Maritsa: Serbian forces ambushed (by Mur
bolu), in which B
yez
yez
n
yez
, a surviving son of B
yez
ssd II, followed by rebellions of an uncle and a brother.
1430
Thessaloniki (Selanik) conquered.
1443
Army led by Janos Hunyadi descends deep into the Ottoman realm in autumn, is forced to return after the battle by the Zlatitsa Pass, where both sides suffer great losses.
1444
Mur
d II abdicates in favor of his son Me
d, asked to lead the Ottoman forces again, triumphs in the Battle of Varna, returns to selfretirement.
1446
A Janissary revolt culminates in Mur
d II's return to the throne.
1451
Mur
d II dies; Me
med II's (second) reign begins.
1453
Constantinople (Istanbul) conquered.
1456
Unsuccessful siege of Belgrade.
1461
Trebizond (Trabzon) conquered; end of Comneni rule.
