500 Basic Korean Verbs. Kyubyong Park

500 Basic Korean Verbs - Kyubyong Park


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and -아서/-어서/-여서. These types of endings are basically classified according to whether the final vowel in the stem of the verb is ㅏ / ㅗ or not. Here it does not matter whether the stem ends with a consonant or not. If the final vowel in the stem of the verb is a ㅏ / ㅗ, the stem combines with ending -아, and in other cases, -어. Also, remember one important group of verbs: 하다 verbs. In Korean, many verbs end with -하다 such as 공부하다 (to study), 대답하다 (to answer), and 도착하다 (to arrive) (i.e., their stem ends with -하-). When they are conjugated in this way, they combine with -여.

Examples: (-아요 /-어요 /-여요 ) ① 가 + 아요 → 가요 (I go)
오 + 아요 → 와요 (I come)
살 + 아요 → 살아요 (I live)
② 서 + 어요 → 서요 (I stand)
③ 공부하 + 여요 → 공부해요 (I study)
(-았어요/-었어요/-였어요) ① 가 + 았어요 → 갔어요 (I went)
오 + 았어요 → 왔어요 (I came)
살 + 았어요 → 살았어요 (I lived)
② 서 + 었어요 → 섰어요 (I stood)
③ 공부하 + 였어요 → 공부했어요
(I studied)

      Maybe you’ve already noticed something that seems a bit strange. 가 + 아요 becomes 가 요, not 가아요. And 오 + 아요 becomes 와요, not 오아요; 서 + 어요 becomes 서요, not 서어요. This is because of vowel contraction. In the course of conjugation, when a vowel meets with a vowel directly, they are usually contracted.

      Rule of Vowel Contraction

Types Rule Example
A ㅏ + ㅏ → ㅏ 가 + 아 → 가
B ㅓ + ㅓ → ㅓ 서 + 어 → 서
C ㅗ + ㅏ → ㅘ 오 + 아 → 와
D ㅜ + ㅓ → ㅝ 주 + 어 → 줘
E ㅡ + ㅓ → ㅓ 쓰 + 어 → 써
F ㅣ + ㅓ → ㅕ 가지 + 어 → 가져
G ㅐ + ㅓ → ㅐ 꺼내 + 어 → 꺼내
H ㅔ + ㅓ → ㅔ 세 + 어 → 세
I ㅚ + ㅓ → ㅙ 되 + 어 → 돼
J 하 + ㅕ → 해 하 + 여 → 해

      4. Conjugation of Irregular Verbs

      4.1. ㅅ irregular verbs

      ㅅ irregular verbs are verbs whose stems end with ㅅ. They lose their ㅅ before endings beginning with a vowel.

      Examples:

      The following verbs look like ㅅ irregular verbs, but they are not. They follow the regular conjugation rules.

      벗다 (to take off ), 웃다 (to laugh), 씻다 (to wash), 빗다 (to comb)

      4.2. ㅂ irregular verbs

      ㅂ irregular verbs are verbs whose stems end with ㅂ. They lose their ㅂ before endings beginning with a vowel, and then grow a 오 or 우.

      Examples:

      The following verbs look like ㅂ irregular verbs, but they are not. They follow the regular conjugation rules.

      잡다 (to take), 뽑다 (to pull out), 씹다 (to chew), 입다 (to wear)

      4.3. ㄷ irregular verbs

      ㄷ irregular verbs are verbs whose stems end with ㄷ. The ㄷ becomes a ㄹ before endings beginning with a vowel.

      Examples:

      The following verbs look like ㄷ irregular verbs, but they are not. They follow the regular conjugation rules.

      받다 (to take), 닫다 (to close), 얻다 (to get), 믿다 (to believe)

      4.4. 르 irregular verbs

      르 irregular verbs are verbs whose stems end with 르. The ㅡ of 르 is dropped before the endings beginning with a vowel, and then the remaining ㄹ is doubled.

      Examples:

      aesseuda 애쓰다 to try, to endeavor

Present Past Future
Declarative I 애써 aesseo 애썼어 aesseoseo 애쓰겠어/애쓸 거야 aesseugeseo/aesseul kkeoya
II 애써요 aesseoyo 애썼어요 aesseoseoyo 애쓰겠어요/애쓸 거예요 aesseugeseoyo/aesseul kkeoyeyo
III 애쓴다 aesseunda 애썼다 aesseottta 애쓰겠다/애쓸 거다 aesseugettta/aesseul kkeoda
IV 애씁니다 aesseumnida 애썼습니다 aesseotsseumnida 애쓰겠습니다/애쓸 겁니다
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